I work in localization and this is something that interests me, too. I used to use SilkTest for this that had an excellent feature: When you recorded/wrote some controls-operating code, it would look like this:
Code:
wMain.Menu("File|#1").MenuItem("Exit|#13|$57665").Pick ()
if wMain.DialogBox("WordPad|$MessageBox").Exists ()
wMain.DialogBox("WordPad|$MessageBox").PushButton("Yes|#1|$6").Click ()
wMain.DialogBox("Save As|#1").ComboBox("File name:|#1|$1148").SetText ("Somefilename.rtf")
wMain.DialogBox("Save As|#1").PushButton("Save|#1|$1").Click ()
if wMain.DialogBox("Save As|#1").DialogBox("File already exists|$MessageBox").Exists ()
wMain.DialogBox("Save As|#1").DialogBox("File already exists|$MessageBox").PushButton("Yes|#1|$6").Click ()
And the great thing was that when you ran such script on e.g. Japanese which has the Save button translated, Silk would still click the right button because after it didn't find the Save text, it took the # index and used it instead, and as a safety thing there was always the $ index that could also be used, so three identifiers per each control. This resulted in great stability and reliability of the scripts. It got a bit more complicated with .NET controls but it was manageable.
I am missing such functionality in AHK a LOT. It took me a while before I discovered the ControlClick function but it's too basic and I think AHK is not entirely localization-ready. Not that it matters that much but it would be great if there were some workarounds.
Anyway, to your question, what exactly do you mean by
"get such localized strings with AHK"? You mean how do you read it from the screen? Since a folder is not a recognizable control but rather an element of the OS, you will probably need to navigate to the folder using a script and then read it's name, e.g. by pressing F2 and CTRL+C. That will copy its name to your clipboard and you "have it in AHK". But I doubt this is what you are trying to achieve. Can you describe what you are actually trying to do?