AutoHotkey Community

/*
BinReadWrite.ahk

Routines to read and write binary data from/to files.
Based on original functions written by Laszlo
http://www.autohotkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4604

TODO: Perhaps set a lastError variable to explicit the errors.

// by Philippe Lhoste <PhiLho(a)GMX.net> http://Phi.Lho.free.fr
// File/Project history:
 1.03.000 -- 2006/02/15 (PL) -- Moved Bin2Hex & Hex2Bin to DllCallStruct, apply code rules.
 1.02.000 -- 2006/01/24 (PL) -- Slight change of the API: all functions return -1 if error.
           Integrated Laszlo suggestions on improving Bin2Hex and Hex2Bin.
 1.01.000 -- 2006/01/23 (PL) -- Declaration of the local variables, to get access to global
          WinAPI constants, and for consistency.
 1.00.000 -- 2006/01/19 (PL) -- Rewrote the functions to separate opening and closing,
          allowing efficient multiple operations.
*/

; WinAPI constants
INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = -1
INVALID_FILE_SIZE = 0xFFFFFFFF
FILE_BEGIN = 0
FILE_CURRENT = 1
FILE_END = 2

/*
// Open the file for reading.
// Return the file handle to provide in further read operations and in the final close operation,
// or INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE if an error was found.
*/
OpenFileForRead(_filename)
{
   local handle

   handle := DllCall("CreateFile"
         , "Str", _filename      ; lpFileName
         , "UInt", 0x80000000      ; dwDesiredAccess (GENERIC_READ)
         , "UInt", 3      ; dwShareMode (FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
         , "UInt", 0      ; lpSecurityAttributes
         , "UInt", 3      ; dwCreationDisposition (OPEN_EXISTING)
         , "UInt", 0      ; dwFlagsAndAttributes
         , "UInt", 0)   ; hTemplateFile
   If (handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE or handle = 0)
   {
      ErrorLevel = -1
   }
   IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE   ; Couldn't open the file
   Return handle
}

/*
// Open the file for writing.
// Return the file handle to provide in further write operations and in the final close operation,
// or INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE if an error was found.
*/
OpenFileForWrite(_filename)
{
   local handle

   handle := DllCall("CreateFile"
         , "Str", _filename      ; lpFileName
         , "UInt", 0x40000000   ; dwDesiredAccess (GENERIC_WRITE)
         , "UInt", 3      ; dwShareMode (FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
         , "UInt", 0      ; lpSecurityAttributes
         , "UInt", 4      ; dwCreationDisposition (OPEN_ALWAYS: create if not exists)
         , "UInt", 0      ; dwFlagsAndAttributes
         , "UInt", 0)   ; hTemplateFile
   If (handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE or handle = 0)
   {
      ErrorLevel = -1
   }
   IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE   ; Couldn't open the file
   Return handle
}

/*
// Close the file.
*/
CloseFile(_handle)
{
   local result

   result := DllCall("CloseHandle"
         , "UInt", _handle)
   If (result = 0)
   {
      ErrorLevel = -1
   }
}

/*
// Get the size of the opened file, in bytes.
// Limited to 4GB, so it is more limited that AHK's FileGetSize.
// It is here for consistency, and because it accepts a file handle instead of a path.
//
// Return the size in bytes, -1 if there was an error.
*/
GetFileSize(_handle)
{
   local fileSize

   fileSize := DllCall("GetFileSize"
         , "UInt", _handle
         , "UInt", 0)
   If (fileSize = INVALID_FILE_SIZE)
   {
      ErrorLevel = -1
   }
   IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return -1
   Return fileSize
}

/*
// Move the file pointer in the file to the given offset relative to moveMethod.
//
// moveMethod can be FILE_BEGIN, FILE_CURRENT or FILE_END.
// If moveMethod is -1, nothing is done (default, for operations at current position).
// To get the current position, call this function with just FILE_CURRENT (null offset).
// offset can be positive (toward end of the file) or negative (toward start of the file).
//
// Return -1 if there was an error, the new file pointer position if OK.
// Note: Currently it doesn't work for files larger than 2GB...
*/
MoveInFile(_handle, _moveMethod=-1, _offset=0)
{
   local result

   result = %INVALID_FILE_SIZE%
   if (_moveMethod != -1)
   {
      result := DllCall("SetFilePointer"
            , "UInt", _handle      ; hFile
            , "Int", _offset      ; lDistanceToMove
            , "UInt", 0         ; lpDistanceToMoveHigh
            , "UInt", _moveMethod)   ; dwMoveMethod
      if (result = -1)   ; INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
      {
         ErrorLevel = -1
      }
      IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return -1   ; Couldn't make the move
   }
   Return result
}

/*
// Write in a file opened for writing.
//
// Move to position given by moveMethod and offset
// (by default stand at current position) and
// write byteNb bytes from data (all data if byteNb = 0;
// data contains binary bytes that can be a string or
// raw bytes generated from hexa data with the Hex2Bin routine).
//
// moveMethod, defaulting to -1 (no move, write at current position),
// can also be FILE_BEGIN, FILE_CURRENT or FILE_END.
// offset can be positive (toward end of file) or negative (toward beginning of file).
//
// Return the number of bytes written (-1 if there was an error).
*/
WriteInFile(_handle, ByRef @data, _byteNb=0, _moveMethod=-1, _offset=0)
{
   local dataSize, result, written

   _offset := MoveInFile(_handle, _moveMethod, _offset)
   IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return -1   ; Couldn't make the move

   dataSize := VarSetCapacity(@data)        ; Get the capacity (>= used length!)
   If (_byteNb < 1 or _byteNb > dataSize)
   {
      byteNb := dataSize
   }
   result := DllCall("WriteFile"
         , "UInt", _handle   ; hFile
         , "Str", @data      ; lpBuffer
         , "UInt", _byteNb   ; nNumberOfBytesToWrite
         , "UInt *", written   ; lpNumberOfBytesWritten
         , "UInt", 0)      ; lpOverlapped
   if (result = 0 or written < _byteNb)
   {
      ErrorLevel = -2
   }
   IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return -1   ; Couldn't write in the file
   Return written
}

/*
// Read from a file opened for reading.
//
// Move to position given by moveMethod and offset
// (by default stand at current position) and
// read byteNb bytes in data (the whole file if byteNb = 0;
// data contains binary bytes that can be a string or
// raw bytes that can be converted to hex digits with the Bin2Hex routine).
//
// moveMethod, defaulting to -1 (no move, read at current position),
// can also be FILE_BEGIN, FILE_CURRENT or FILE_END.
// offset can be positive (toward end of file) or negative (toward beginning of file).
//
// Return the number of bytes read (-1 if there was an error), which can be less
// than requested if end-of-file is meet.
*/
ReadFromFile(_handle, ByRef @data, _byteNb=0, _moveMethod=-1, _offset=0)
{
   local fileSize, granted, result, read

   _offset := MoveInFile(_handle, _moveMethod, _offset)
   IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return -1   ; Couldn't make the move

   if (_byteNb = 0)
   {
      ; Read whole file (or less if file pointer isn't at start)
      fileSize := GetFileSize(_handle)
      IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return -1   ; Couldn't get the file size
      _byteNb := fileSize
   }
   granted := VarSetCapacity(@data, _byteNb, 0)
   if (granted < _byteNb)
   {
      ; Cannot allocate enough memory
      ErrorLevel = Mem=%granted%
      Return -1
   }

   result := DllCall("ReadFile"
         , "UInt", _handle   ; hFile
         , "Str", @data      ; lpBuffer
         , "UInt", _byteNb   ; nNumberOfBytesToRead
         , "UInt *", read   ; lpNumberOfBytesRead
         , "UInt", 0)      ; lpOverlapped
   if (result = 0)
   {
      ErrorLevel = -2
   }
;~ MsgBox fileSize: %fileSize% - offset: %_offset% - byteNb: %_byteNb% - granted: %granted% - read: %read%
   IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return -1   ; Couldn't read the file

   ; Note that we can have read less data than requested,
   ; eg. if end of file has been meet
   Return read
}

/*
// Convert raw bytes stored in a variable to a string of hexa digit pairs.
// Convert either byteNb bytes or, if null, the whole content of the variable.
//
// Return the number of converted bytes, or -1 if error (memory allocation)
*/
Bin2Hex(ByRef @hex, ByRef @bin, _byteNb=0)
{
   local intFormat, dataSize, dataAddress, granted, x

   ; Save original integer format
   intFormat = %A_FormatInteger%
   ; For converting bytes to hex
   SetFormat Integer, Hex

   ; Get size of data
   dataSize := VarSetCapacity(@bin)
   If (_byteNb < 1 or _byteNb > dataSize)
   {
      _byteNb := dataSize
   }
   dataAddress := &@bin
   ; Make enough room (faster)
   granted := VarSetCapacity(@hex, _byteNb * 2)
   if (granted < _byteNb * 2)
   {
      ; Cannot allocate enough memory
      ErrorLevel = Mem=%granted%
      Return -1
   }
   Loop %_byteNb%
   {
      ; Get byte in hexa
      x := *dataAddress + 0x100
      StringRight x, x, 2   ; 2 hex digits
      StringUpper x, x
      @hex = %@hex%%x%
      dataAddress++   ; Next byte
   }
   ; Restore original integer format
   SetFormat Integer, %intFormat%

   Return _byteNb
}

/*
// Convert a string of hexa digit pairs to raw bytes stored in a variable.
// Convert either byteNb bytes or, if null, the whole content of the variable.
//
// Return the number of converted bytes, or -1 if error (memory allocation)
*/
Hex2Bin(ByRef @bin, _hex, _byteNb=0)
{
   local dataSize, granted, dataAddress, x

   ; Get size of data
   x := StrLen(_hex)
   dataSize := Ceil(x / 2)
   if (x = 0 or dataSize * 2 != x)
   {
      ; Invalid string, empty or odd number of digits
      ErrorLevel = Param
      Return -1
   }
   If (_byteNb < 1 or _byteNb > dataSize)
   {
      _byteNb := dataSize
   }
   ; Make enough room
   granted := VarSetCapacity(@bin, _byteNb, 0)
   if (granted < _byteNb)
   {
      ; Cannot allocate enough memory
      ErrorLevel = Mem=%granted%
      Return -1
   }
   dataAddress := &@bin

   Loop Parse, _hex
   {
      if (A_Index & 1)   ; Odd
      {
         x = %A_LoopField%   ; Odd digit
      }
      else
      {
         ; Concatenate previous x and even digit, converted to hex
         x := "0x" . x . A_LoopField
         ; Store integer in memory
         DllCall("RtlFillMemory"
               , "UInt", dataAddress
               , "UInt", 1
               , "UChar", x)
         dataAddress++
      }
   }

   Return _byteNb
}

x := *dataAddress + 0x100
StringRight x, x, 2

Loop Parse, hex
{
   If (A_Index & 1)
      x = %A_LoopField%
   else {
      DllCall("RtlFillMemory"
            , "UInt", dataAddress
            , "UInt", 1
            , "UChar", "0x" x A_LoopField)
      dataAddress++
   }
}

TestFunction()
{
[snip]
    IfNotEqual ErrorLevel, 0, Return %ERROR_CODE%
    Return functionResult
}

 bar = 1000
foo = bar
x = %foo%

 bar = 1000
foo = bar
x := foo

file = e:\temp3.bmp
IfExist, %file%
FileDelete, %file%
fh := OpenFileForWrite(file)
l := Hex2Bin(data, ClipboardAll)
WriteInFile(fh,data )
CloseFile(fh)