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Machine code functions: Bit Wizardry
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infogulch

Joined: 27 Mar 2008
Posts: 649

Posted: Thu Oct 22, 2009 5:52 pm Post subject:

Laszlo: Thx that got me somewhere. Very Happy

I got this output from msvc'08: (output looks better with tab==8 spaces in your editor)

Code:

; Listing generated by Microsoft (R) Optimizing Compiler Version 15.00.30729.01

TITLE p:\My Documents\AutoHotkey\RegionGetColor\SumIntBytes.c
.686P
.XMM
include listing.inc
.model flat

INCLUDELIB MSVCRTD
INCLUDELIB OLDNAMES

PUBLIC _SumIntBytes
EXTRN __RTC_Shutdown:PROC
EXTRN __RTC_InitBase:PROC
; COMDAT rtc$TMZ
; File p:\my documents\autohotkey\regiongetcolor\sumintbytes.c
rtc$TMZ SEGMENT
__RTC_Shutdown.rtc$TMZ DD FLAT:__RTC_Shutdown
rtc$TMZ ENDS
; COMDAT rtc$IMZ
rtc$IMZ SEGMENT
__RTC_InitBase.rtc$IMZ DD FLAT:__RTC_InitBase
; Function compile flags: /Odtp /RTCsu /ZI
rtc$IMZ ENDS
; COMDAT _SumIntBytes
_TEXT SEGMENT
_i$ = -8                ; size = 4
_x$ = 8                   ; size = 4
_l$ = 12                ; size = 4
_a$ = 16                ; size = 4
_b$ = 20                ; size = 4
_c$ = 24                ; size = 4
_d$ = 28                ; size = 4
_SumIntBytes PROC             ; COMDAT

; 19 : {

00000 55    push ebp
00001 8b ec    mov ebp, esp
00003 81 ec cc 00 00
00    sub esp, 204    ; 000000ccH
00009 53    push ebx
0000a 56    push esi
0000b 57    push edi
0000c 8d bd 34 ff ff
ff    lea edi, DWORD PTR [ebp-204]
00012 b9 33 00 00 00 mov ecx, 51       ; 00000033H
00017 b8 cc cc cc cc mov eax, -858993460    ; ccccccccH
0001c f3 ab    rep stosd

; 20 : uint i;
; 21 : for(i = 0; i < l; i = i + 1)

0001e c7 45 f8 00 00
00 00    mov DWORD PTR _i$[ebp], 0
00025 eb 09    jmp SHORT $LN3@SumIntByte
$LN2@SumIntByte:
00027 8b 45 f8 mov eax, DWORD PTR _i$[ebp]
0002a 83 c0 01 add eax, 1
0002d 89 45 f8 mov DWORD PTR _i$[ebp], eax
$LN3@SumIntByte:
00030 8b 45 f8 mov eax, DWORD PTR _i$[ebp]
00033 3b 45 0c cmp eax, DWORD PTR _l$[ebp]
00036 0f 83 94 00 00
00    jae $LN4@SumIntByte

; 22 : {
; 23 :    //return *a;
; 24 :    //return x[i] >> 8 & 0xff;
; 25 :    *a = *a + (x[i] >> 24);

0003c 8b 45 f8 mov eax, DWORD PTR _i$[ebp]
0003f 8b 4d 08 mov ecx, DWORD PTR _x$[ebp]
00042 8b 14 81 mov edx, DWORD PTR [ecx+eax*4]
00045 c1 ea 18 shr edx, 24       ; 00000018H
00048 33 c0    xor eax, eax
0004a 8b 4d 10 mov ecx, DWORD PTR _a$[ebp]
0004d 03 11    add edx, DWORD PTR [ecx]
0004f 8b 49 04 mov ecx, DWORD PTR [ecx+4]
00052 13 c8    adc ecx, eax
00054 8b 45 10 mov eax, DWORD PTR _a$[ebp]
00057 89 10    mov DWORD PTR [eax], edx
00059 89 48 04 mov DWORD PTR [eax+4], ecx

; 26 :    *b = *b + (x[i] >> 16 & 0xff);

0005c 8b 45 f8 mov eax, DWORD PTR _i$[ebp]
0005f 8b 4d 08 mov ecx, DWORD PTR _x$[ebp]
00062 8b 14 81 mov edx, DWORD PTR [ecx+eax*4]
00065 c1 ea 10 shr edx, 16       ; 00000010H
00068 81 e2 ff 00 00
00    and edx, 255    ; 000000ffH
0006e 33 c0    xor eax, eax
00070 8b 4d 14 mov ecx, DWORD PTR _b$[ebp]
00073 03 11    add edx, DWORD PTR [ecx]
00075 8b 49 04 mov ecx, DWORD PTR [ecx+4]
00078 13 c8    adc ecx, eax
0007a 8b 45 14 mov eax, DWORD PTR _b$[ebp]
0007d 89 10    mov DWORD PTR [eax], edx
0007f 89 48 04 mov DWORD PTR [eax+4], ecx

; 27 :    *c = *c + (x[i] >> 8 & 0xff);

00082 8b 45 f8 mov eax, DWORD PTR _i$[ebp]
00085 8b 4d 08 mov ecx, DWORD PTR _x$[ebp]
00088 8b 14 81 mov edx, DWORD PTR [ecx+eax*4]
0008b c1 ea 08 shr edx, 8
0008e 81 e2 ff 00 00
00    and edx, 255    ; 000000ffH
00094 33 c0    xor eax, eax
00096 8b 4d 18 mov ecx, DWORD PTR _c$[ebp]
00099 03 11    add edx, DWORD PTR [ecx]
0009b 8b 49 04 mov ecx, DWORD PTR [ecx+4]
0009e 13 c8    adc ecx, eax
000a0 8b 45 18 mov eax, DWORD PTR _c$[ebp]
000a3 89 10    mov DWORD PTR [eax], edx
000a5 89 48 04 mov DWORD PTR [eax+4], ecx

; 28 :    *d = *d + (x[i] & 0xff);

000a8 8b 45 f8 mov eax, DWORD PTR _i$[ebp]
000ab 8b 4d 08 mov ecx, DWORD PTR _x$[ebp]
000ae 8b 14 81 mov edx, DWORD PTR [ecx+eax*4]
000b1 81 e2 ff 00 00
00    and edx, 255    ; 000000ffH
000b7 33 c0    xor eax, eax
000b9 8b 4d 1c mov ecx, DWORD PTR _d$[ebp]
000bc 03 11    add edx, DWORD PTR [ecx]
000be 8b 49 04 mov ecx, DWORD PTR [ecx+4]
000c1 13 c8    adc ecx, eax
000c3 8b 45 1c mov eax, DWORD PTR _d$[ebp]
000c6 89 10    mov DWORD PTR [eax], edx
000c8 89 48 04 mov DWORD PTR [eax+4], ecx

; 29 : }

000cb e9 57 ff ff ff jmp $LN2@SumIntByte
$LN4@SumIntByte:

; 30 : }

000d0 5f    pop edi
000d1 5e    pop esi
000d2 5b    pop ebx
000d3 8b e5    mov esp, ebp
000d5 5d    pop ebp
000d6 c3    ret 0
_SumIntBytes ENDP
_TEXT ENDS
END

I'm assuming i need the second part from 00000 to 000d6:

Code:

55
8b ec
81 ec cc 00 00
00
53
56
57
8d bd 34 ff ff
ff
b9 33 00 00 00
b8 cc cc cc cc
f3 ab
c7 45 f8 00 00
00 00
eb 09
8b 45 f8
83 c0 01
89 45 f8
8b 45 f8
3b 45 0c
0f 83 94 00 00
00
8b 45 f8
8b 4d 08
8b 14 81
c1 ea 18
33 c0
8b 4d 10
03 11
8b 49 04
13 c8
8b 45 10
89 10
89 48 04
8b 45 f8
8b 4d 08
8b 14 81
c1 ea 10
81 e2 ff 00 00
00
33 c0
8b 4d 14
03 11
8b 49 04
13 c8
8b 45 14
89 10
89 48 04
8b 45 f8
8b 4d 08
8b 14 81
c1 ea 08
81 e2 ff 00 00
00
33 c0
8b 4d 18
03 11
8b 49 04
13 c8
8b 45 18
89 10
89 48 04
8b 45 f8
8b 4d 08
8b 14 81
81 e2 ff 00 00
00
33 c0
8b 4d 1c
03 11
8b 49 04
13 c8
8b 45 1c
89 10
89 48 04
e9 57 ff ff ff
5f
5e
5b
8b e5
5d
c3

Which results, when contat:

Code:

Does this look right?
_________________
Scripts - License

Laszlo

Joined: 14 Feb 2005
Posts: 4710
Location: Boulder, CO

Posted: Thu Oct 22, 2009 6:23 pm Post subject:

yes (it is easy to miss 6-byte instructions, when they flow in the next line)

infogulch

Joined: 27 Mar 2008
Posts: 649

Posted: Thu Oct 22, 2009 6:41 pm Post subject:

Great, thanks!

**Crosses fingers and hits "Run"**

Error: 0xc0000005 (Access violation iirc)

Sad

My test script:
Am I doing machine code right?
<cut code>

Oh, nvm, I just forgot the "0x" part. Smile

YAAAY:

Code:

len := 2

VarSetCapacity(arr, len*4)
NumPut(0x010203, arr, 0, "UInt")
NumPut(0x040506, arr, 4, "UInt")

x := SumIntBytes_(arr, len, a, r, g, b)

MsgBox % ""
. "A: " a ; "`t" (&a)
. "`nR: " r ; "`t" (&r)
. "`nG: " g ; "`t" (&g)
. "`nB: " b ; "`t" (&b)
. "`n`nErr: " ErrorLevel
. "`n" x

SumIntBytes_( ByRef arr, len, ByRef a, ByRef r, ByRef g, ByRef b )
{
static f, i
if !i
{
t =
(LTrim Join
558bec81eccc0000005356578dbd34ffffffb933000000b8ccccccccf3abc745
f800000000eb098b45f883c0018945f88b45f83b450c0f83940000008b45f88b
4d088b1481c1ea1833c08b4d1003118b490413c88b451089108948048b45f88b
4d088b1481c1ea1081e2ff00000033c08b4d1403118b490413c88b4514891089
48048b45f88b4d088b1481c1ea0881e2ff00000033c08b4d1803118b490413c8
8b451889108948048b45f88b4d088b148181e2ff00000033c08b4d1c03118b49
0413c88b451c8910894804e957ffffff5f5e5b8be55dc3
)
VarSetCapacity(f, tl := StrLen(t)/2), i := 0
While i < tl
NumPut("0x" SubStr(t, i*2+1, 2), f, i, "UChar"), i++
}
VarSetCapacity(a, 8, 0), VarSetCapacity(r, 8, 0)
, VarSetCapacity(g, 8, 0), VarSetCapacity(b, 8, 0)
, DllCall( &f, "UInt", &arr, "UInt", len
, "UInt", &a, "UInt", &r, "UInt", &g, "UInt", &b
, "CDecl UInt")
, a := NumGet(a, 0, "UInt64"), r := NumGet(r, 0, "UInt64")
, g := NumGet(g, 0, "UInt64"), b := NumGet(b, 0, "UInt64")
}

Thx Laszlo, you rock! Razz

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RoAltmann

Joined: 26 May 2009
Posts: 15

Posted: Fri Feb 19, 2010 10:07 pm Post subject: Looking for fast byte sum

Hi, just found hex2bin and bin2hex!

great functions, make my reading and writing IntelHex files 6 times faster!

Since i do not have any compilers, could anybody help me with a function like:

Code:

bytesum(uint *s, char *p, uint len)
{
*s=0;
while (len>0) {
*s += *(p++);
len--
}
}

Thanks in advance!
Robert

Laszlo

Joined: 14 Feb 2005
Posts: 4710
Location: Boulder, CO

Posted: Sat Feb 20, 2010 1:57 am Post subject:

Code:

typedef unsigned long UInt32;
void bytesum(UInt32 *s, char *p, UInt32 len) {
*s=0;
while (len>0) {
*s += *(p++);
len--;
}
}

Code:

MCode(bytesum,"832000837c240c0076108b4c24080fbe11011041ff4c240c75f4c3")

DllCall(&bytesum, UIntP,sum, Str,"", UInt,0)
MsgBox %sum%
DllCall(&bytesum, UIntP,sum, Str,"00", UInt,1)
MsgBox %sum%
DllCall(&bytesum, UIntP,sum, Str,"00", UInt,2)
MsgBox %sum%

MCode(ByRef code, hex) { ; allocate memory and write Machine Code there
VarSetCapacity(code,StrLen(hex)//2)
Loop % StrLen(hex)//2
NumPut("0x" . SubStr(hex,2*A_Index-1,2), code, A_Index-1, "Char")
}

Laszlo

Joined: 14 Feb 2005
Posts: 4710
Location: Boulder, CO

Posted: Sat Feb 20, 2010 2:05 am Post subject:

Returning the result makes the code easier to use

Code:

UInt32 CharSum(char *p, UInt32 len) {
UInt32 s = 0;
while (len>0) {
s += *(p++);
len--;
}
return s;
}

Code:

MCode(CharSum,"33c03944240876108b4c24040fbe1103c241ff4c240875f4c3")

MsgBox % DllCall(&CharSum, Str,"", UInt,0)
MsgBox % DllCall(&CharSum, Str,"00", UInt,1)
MsgBox % DllCall(&CharSum, Str,"00", UInt,2)

MCode(ByRef code, hex) { ; allocate memory and write Machine Code there
VarSetCapacity(code,StrLen(hex)//2)
Loop % StrLen(hex)//2
NumPut("0x" . SubStr(hex,2*A_Index-1,2), code, A_Index-1, "Char")
}

RoAltmann

Joined: 26 May 2009
Posts: 15

Posted: Sat Feb 20, 2010 3:36 pm Post subject: Thanks to Laszlo!

Works fine!

But had to change "Str" by "Uint", because I use a real pointer to a binary variable!

Code:

; Example, in real I use a Variable with a Size of 0x400000!
VarSetCapacity(A,256,1)
P := &A
MCode(CharSum,"33c03944240876108b4c24040fbe1103c241ff4c240875f4c3")
Loop , 8
{
MsgBox % DllCall(&CharSum, Uint,P, UInt,32)
P += 32
}

MCode(ByRef code, hex) { ; allocate memory and write Machine Code there
VarSetCapacity(code,StrLen(hex)//2)
Loop % StrLen(hex)//2
NumPut("0x" . SubStr(hex,2*A_Index-1,2), code, A_Index-1, "Char")
}

Regards
Robert

RoAltmann

Joined: 26 May 2009
Posts: 15

Posted: Mon Feb 22, 2010 9:48 pm Post subject: Find binary sequence in memory

Next Request to the best! Smile

Again I would need the MCode-hex-string.

Code:

char *binfind(char *pStart, char *pEnd, char *pFind, int len)
{
pEnd -= len;
while ( pStart >= pEnd )
{
for (i=0;i<len;i++)
{
if (*(pStart+i) != *(pFind+i))
break;
}
if ( i==len)
return(pStart);
pStart++;
}
return(NULL);
}

Many thanks in advance
Robert

infogulch

Joined: 27 Mar 2008
Posts: 649

Posted: Mon Feb 22, 2010 11:35 pm Post subject: Re: Find binary sequence in memory

RoAltmann wrote:

Next Request to the best! Smile

Again I would need the MCode-hex-string.

Isn't this what MemChr does?
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RoAltmann

Joined: 26 May 2009
Posts: 15

Posted: Tue Feb 23, 2010 7:23 am Post subject: Re: Re: Find binary sequence in memory

No!

MemChr searches for only ONE character.

My Function should search a sequence of binary bytes of ANY length in another sequence of binary bytes, including byte values from 0x00 to 0xFF! No string searching!

Example:

Code:

VarSetCapacity(Memory,0x100000,0)
mptr := &Memory
ReadHexFile2Buffer("C:\Temp\Intelhex.hex",mptr) ; my private function ;-)
hexsequence:= "010203040506070809"
len := strlen(hexsequence)>>1
VarSetCapacity(binSequence,len)
sptr := &binSequence
hex2bin(sptr,hexsequence) ; set find sequence
found := binfind(mptr,sptr,len)
if ( !found)
MsgBox key not found in Hexfile!
else
{
index := found - mptr
hex2bin(found,"08154711CAFEBABE06")
MsgBox Key changed!
}

infogulch

Joined: 27 Mar 2008
Posts: 649

Posted: Tue Feb 23, 2010 5:28 pm Post subject:

oh, then how about this:

Code:

haystackLenlen := BinRead(haystack, "binaryfile2.bin")
needleLen := BinRead(Needle, "somefile.bin")
;(btw, i'm making up these functions, but they're self-explanatory enough)

MsgBox % "Found Position: " InStr(bin2hex(haystack, haystackLen), bin2hex(needle, needleLen)) >> 1

What you really want is MemMem(), but it's not avail in msvcrt.
_________________
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Laszlo

Joined: 14 Feb 2005
Posts: 4710
Location: Boulder, CO

Posted: Tue Feb 23, 2010 6:08 pm Post subject: Re: Find binary sequence in memory

RoAltmann wrote:

Next Request...

Your C code has a couple of bugs (missing declaration for "i", the while condition needs "<="). Also, using the loop variable (i) outside of the body of the loop is not portable. Here is a version which does, what I think you wanted:

Code:

char *BinFind(char *pStart, char *pEnd, char *pFind, int len) {
int i;
while (pStart <= pEnd-len) {
   for (i=0; i<len; i++)
      if (*(pStart+i) != *(pFind+i)) goto out;
   return(pStart);
out: pStart++;
}
return(NULL);
}

Using goto is not nice, but it makes the code faster, shorter and more portable. The corresponding MCode is:

Code:

MCode(BinFind,"558bec8b450853568b750c2b7514573bc677208bc82b4d108b551033ff3b7d"
. "147d138a1c113a1a75044742ebf040413bc676e533c05f5e5b5dc3")
; &HayStackStart, &HayStackEnd, &FindStart, FindLen -> &Match

s = 123456
t = 56
MsgBox % DllCall(&BinFind, UInt,&s, UInt,&s+6, UInt,&t, Int,2, "CDECL UINT") - &s

MCode(ByRef code, hex) { ; allocate memory and write Machine Code there
VarSetCapacity(code,StrLen(hex)//2)
Loop % StrLen(hex)//2
NumPut("0x" . SubStr(hex,2*A_Index-1,2), code, A_Index-1, "Char")
}

Edit: never mind (edited the wrong post)

Last edited by Laszlo on Tue Feb 23, 2010 10:02 pm; edited 2 times in total

Laszlo

Joined: 14 Feb 2005
Posts: 4710
Location: Boulder, CO

Posted: Tue Feb 23, 2010 6:56 pm Post subject:

...maybe this one is easier to use

Code:

int BinFind(char *pHayStack, int lenH, char *pNeedle, int lenN) {
int i, j;
for (j=0; j<=lenH-lenN; j++) {
   for (i=0; i<lenN; i++)
      if (*(pHayStack+i) != *(pNeedle+i)) goto out;
   return j;
out: pHayStack++;
}
return -1;
}

Code:

MCode(BinFind,"558bec53568b750c33c02b75145778218b4d082b4d108b551033ff3b7d147d"
. "148a1c113a1a75044742ebf041403bc67ee583c8ff5f5e5b5dc3")
; &HayStack, HayStackLen, &Needle, NeedleLen -> FoundOffset [-1]

s := "123456", t := "56"
MsgBox % DllCall(&BinFind, UInt,&s, Int,6, UInt,&t, Int,2, "CDECL INT") ; 4
;...

Edit: fixed C typo (return value is int, not pointer)

Last edited by Laszlo on Tue Feb 23, 2010 10:03 pm; edited 2 times in total

RoAltmann

Joined: 26 May 2009
Posts: 15

Posted: Tue Feb 23, 2010 9:07 pm Post subject: Thanks to Laszlo again!

Again just what I needed (first variant) and already in use. Thanks a lot Robert

Jamie

Joined: 26 Mar 2010
Posts: 129

Posted: Sat May 22, 2010 12:57 pm Post subject: Re: machine code from C

Laszlo wrote:

...
You can use an editor to strip off unwanted information, but I have been using a short script for this and for nicely formatting the hex stream of the machine code.

Code:

+!z:: ; Shift-Alt-Z: convert machine code listing to hex stream
ClipBoard =
Send ^c
ClipWait 2
IfEqual ErrorLevel,1, Return

Clip := RegExReplace(ClipBoard,"m)[;\$].*$")
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)^.*?\t(.*?)\t.*$","$1")
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)\s")
TrayTip,,% "Bytes = " StrLen(Clip)//2
If StrLen(Clip) < 80
ClipBoard := Clip
Else {
ClipBoard := """" . SubStr(Clip,1,62)
StringTrimLeft Clip, Clip, 62
Loop {
ClipBoard .= """`n. """ . SubStr(Clip,1,76)
StringTrimLeft Clip, Clip, 76
If StrLen(Clip) < 80
Break
}
ClipBoard .= """`n. """ . Clip . """"
}
Return

Just select the instructions belonging to your function in any editor (Notepad is OK) and press the Shift-Alt-Z hotkey. The formatted hex stream w/o the assembly instructions or comments appears in the clipboard, ready to be pasted to your script.
...

Thanks Laszlo, this has saved me a lot of time. But sometimes my compiler (Visual C++ 2008 Express) emits code that flows onto the next line like this

Code:

0000c c7 00 7b 00 00
00 mov DWORD PTR [eax], 123 ; 0000007bH

Here I've highlighted the tabs:

Code:

0000c->c7 00 7b 00 00
->00->-> mov-> DWORD PTR [eax], 123->; 0000007bH

This causes trouble for me, so I've switched to use a different set of regexes:

Code:

Clip := RegExReplace(ClipBoard,"m)^\S.*$") ; wipe out any line that starts in column 1
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)^[^\t]*\t") ; wipe out anything up to and including the first tab character
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)\t.*$") ; wipe out the (now) first tab character and everything after it
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)\s") ; remove all whitespace

This also eliminates some of the extra junk lines in the assembly file in case they get selected by mistake.

Below is the entire function with the new regexes included. I hope this helps.

Code:

+!z:: ; Shift-Alt-Z: convert machine code listing to hex stream (originally by Laszlo)
ClipBoard =
Send ^c
ClipWait 2
IfEqual ErrorLevel,1, Return

Clip := RegExReplace(ClipBoard,"m)^\S.*$") ; wipe out any line that starts in column 1
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)^[^\t]*\t") ; wipe out anything up to and including the first tab character
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)\t.*$") ; wipe out the (now) first tab character and everything after it
Clip := RegExReplace(Clip,"m)\s") ; remove all whitespace
TrayTip,,% "Bytes = " StrLen(Clip)//2
If StrLen(Clip) < 80
ClipBoard := Clip
Else {
ClipBoard := """" . SubStr(Clip,1,62)
StringTrimLeft Clip, Clip, 62
Loop {
ClipBoard .= """`n. """ . SubStr(Clip,1,76)
StringTrimLeft Clip, Clip, 76
If StrLen(Clip) < 80
Break
}
ClipBoard .= """`n. """ . Clip . """"
}
Return

Of course whether this works for you is going to depend on the particular format that your assembler generates.

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