transparent windows in screen-shots

[adamantine]

the following code successfully creates a screen-shot of the screen:

Code: Select all

^+s::
{
pToken := Gdip_Startup()
OnExit, ss-shutdown

folderPath := "D:\Images\"
fileName :=  A_YYYY "." A_MM "." A_DD "   " A_Hour "." A_Min "." A_Sec ".png"

CaptureScreen:
	pBitmap := Gdip_BitmapFromScreen()
	saveFileTo := folderPath fileName                   
	Gdip_SaveBitmapToFile(pBitmap, saveFileTo)
	Gdip_DisposeImage(pBitmap)
	return

ss-shutdown:
	Gdip_Shutdown(pToken)
	Exitapp
	return

Gdip_BitmapFromScreen(Screen=0, Raster="")
{
	if (Screen = 0)
	{
		Sysget, x, 76
		Sysget, y, 77	
		Sysget, w, 78
		Sysget, h, 79
	}
	else if (SubStr(Screen, 1, 5) = "hwnd:")
	{
		Screen := SubStr(Screen, 6)
		if !WinExist( "ahk_id " Screen)
			return -2
		WinGetPos,,, w, h, ahk_id %Screen%
		x := y := 0
		hhdc := GetDCEx(Screen, 3)
	}
	else if (Screen&1 != "")
	{
		Sysget, M, Monitor, %Screen%
		x := MLeft, y := MTop, w := MRight-MLeft, h := MBottom-MTop
	}
	else
	{
		StringSplit, S, Screen, |
		x := S1, y := S2, w := S3, h := S4
	}

	if (x = "") || (y = "") || (w = "") || (h = "")
		return -1

	chdc := CreateCompatibleDC(), hbm := CreateDIBSection(w, h, chdc), obm := SelectObject(chdc, hbm), hhdc := hhdc ? hhdc : GetDC()
	BitBlt(chdc, 0, 0, w, h, hhdc, x, y, Raster)
	ReleaseDC(hhdc)
	
	pBitmap := Gdip_CreateBitmapFromHBITMAP(hbm)
	SelectObject(chdc, obm), DeleteObject(hbm), DeleteDC(hhdc), DeleteDC(chdc)
	return pBitmap
}



Gdip_SaveBitmapToFile(pBitmap, sOutput, Quality=75)
{
	SplitPath, sOutput,,, Extension
	if Extension not in BMP,DIB,RLE,JPG,JPEG,JPE,JFIF,GIF,TIF,TIFF,PNG
		return -1
	Extension := "." Extension

	DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncodersSize", "uint*", nCount, "uint*", nSize)
	VarSetCapacity(ci, nSize)
	DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncoders", "uint", nCount, "uint", nSize, "uint", &ci)
	if !(nCount && nSize)
		return -2
   
	Loop, %nCount%
	{
		Location := NumGet(ci, 76*(A_Index-1)+44)
		if !A_IsUnicode
		{
			nSize := DllCall("WideCharToMultiByte", "uint", 0, "uint", 0, "uint", Location, "int", -1, "uint", 0, "int",  0, "uint", 0, "uint", 0)
			VarSetCapacity(sString, nSize)
			DllCall("WideCharToMultiByte", "uint", 0, "uint", 0, "uint", Location, "int", -1, "str", sString, "int", nSize, "uint", 0, "uint", 0)
			if !InStr(sString, "*" Extension)
				continue
		}
		else
		{
			nSize := DllCall("WideCharToMultiByte", "uint", 0, "uint", 0, "uint", Location, "int", -1, "uint", 0, "int",  0, "uint", 0, "uint", 0)
			sString := ""
			Loop, %nSize%
				sString .= Chr(NumGet(Location+0, 2*(A_Index-1), "char"))
			if !InStr(sString, "*" Extension)
				continue
		}
		pCodec := &ci+76*(A_Index-1)
		break
	}
	if !pCodec
		return -3

	if (Quality != 75)
	{
		Quality := (Quality < 0) ? 0 : (Quality > 100) ? 100 : Quality
		if Extension in .JPG,.JPEG,.JPE,.JFIF
		{
			DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterListSize", "uint", pBitmap, "uint", pCodec, "uint*", nSize)
			VarSetCapacity(EncoderParameters, nSize, 0)
			DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterList", "uint", pBitmap, "uint", pCodec, "uint", nSize, "uint", &EncoderParameters)
			Loop, % NumGet(EncoderParameters)      ;%
			{
				if (NumGet(EncoderParameters, (28*(A_Index-1))+20) = 1) && (NumGet(EncoderParameters, (28*(A_Index-1))+24) = 6)
				{
				   p := (28*(A_Index-1))+&EncoderParameters
				   NumPut(Quality, NumGet(NumPut(4, NumPut(1, p+0)+20)))
				   break
				}
			}      
	  }
	}

	if !A_IsUnicode
	{
		nSize := DllCall("MultiByteToWideChar", "uint", 0, "uint", 0, "uint", &sOutput, "int", -1, "uint", 0, "int", 0)
		VarSetCapacity(wOutput, nSize*2)
		DllCall("MultiByteToWideChar", "uint", 0, "uint", 0, "uint", &sOutput, "int", -1, "uint", &wOutput, "int", nSize)
		VarSetCapacity(wOutput, -1)
		if !VarSetCapacity(wOutput)
			return -4
		E := DllCall("gdiplus\GdipSaveImageToFile", "uint", pBitmap, "uint", &wOutput, "uint", pCodec, "uint", p ? p : 0)
	}
	else
		E := DllCall("gdiplus\GdipSaveImageToFile", "uint", pBitmap, "uint", &sOutput, "uint", pCodec, "uint", p ? p : 0)
	return E ? -5 : 0
}



Gdip_DisposeImage(pBitmap)
{
   return DllCall("gdiplus\GdipDisposeImage", "uint", pBitmap)
}



GetDCEx(hwnd, flags=0, hrgnClip=0)
{
    return DllCall("GetDCEx", "uint", hwnd, "uint", hrgnClip, "int", flags)
}



CreateCompatibleDC(hdc=0)
{
   return DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "uint", hdc)
}



CreateDIBSection(w, h, hdc="", bpp=32, ByRef ppvBits=0)
{
	hdc2 := hdc ? hdc : GetDC()
	VarSetCapacity(bi, 40, 0)
	NumPut(w, bi, 4), NumPut(h, bi, 8), NumPut(40, bi, 0), NumPut(1, bi, 12, "ushort"), NumPut(0, bi, 16), NumPut(bpp, bi, 14, "ushort")
	hbm := DllCall("CreateDIBSection", "uint" , hdc2, "uint" , &bi, "uint" , 0, "uint*", ppvBits, "uint" , 0, "uint" , 0)

	if !hdc
		ReleaseDC(hdc2)
	return hbm
}



SelectObject(hdc, hgdiobj)
{
   return DllCall("SelectObject", "uint", hdc, "uint", hgdiobj)
}



GetDC(hwnd=0)
{
	return DllCall("GetDC", "uint", hwnd)
}



BitBlt(ddc, dx, dy, dw, dh, sdc, sx, sy, Raster="")
{
	return DllCall("gdi32\BitBlt", "uint", dDC, "int", dx, "int", dy, "int", dw, "int", dh
	, "uint", sDC, "int", sx, "int", sy, "uint", Raster ? Raster : 0x00CC0020)
}



ReleaseDC(hdc, hwnd=0)
{
   return DllCall("ReleaseDC", "uint", hwnd, "uint", hdc)
}



Gdip_CreateBitmapFromHBITMAP(hBitmap, Palette=0)
{
	DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateBitmapFromHBITMAP", "uint", hBitmap, "uint", Palette, "uint*", pBitmap)
	return pBitmap
}



DeleteObject(hObject)
{
   return DllCall("DeleteObject", "uint", hObject)
}



DeleteDC(hdc)
{
   return DllCall("DeleteDC", "uint", hdc)
}



Gdip_Startup()
{
	if !DllCall("GetModuleHandle", "str", "gdiplus")
		DllCall("LoadLibrary", "str", "gdiplus")
	VarSetCapacity(si, 16, 0), si := Chr(1)
	DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusStartup", "uint*", pToken, "uint", &si, "uint", 0)
	return pToken
}



Gdip_Shutdown(pToken)
{
	DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusShutdown", "uint", pToken)
	if hModule := DllCall("GetModuleHandle", "str", "gdiplus")
		DllCall("FreeLibrary", "uint", hModule)
	return 0
}



sleep 1000
return
}

except those windows that are (or were previously) semi-transparent/transparent
such windows are just absent in screen-shots

what should be added/changed (in the code) so that all windows were always visible in screen-shots?

 
- i had been using the 'screenshot captor' program for many years (from ~2009 to 2018)
and there were no problems with transparency

- nowadays i use the 'NirCmd' utility (from NirSoft) with the addition of this vbs-file:

Code: Select all

With CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
    .Run """D:\Programs\NirCmd.exe"" savescreenshot ""D:\Images\~$currdate.yyyy.MM.dd$   ~$currtime.HH.mm.ss$.png""", 0, True
End With

wScript.sleep 1000

and here i have the same problem with transparency
(speaking about screen-shots: now i'm trying to migrate from NirCmd to ahk-code)

[littlegandhi1199]

If you install Autohotkey ANSI 32bit then this code might work for you which captures transparent windows and cursors.
Though I'm not downgrading autohotkey versions anymore. Not worth it to me.
Some trickiness might work with the new GDI (this is the oldest implementation of it)
Doing a DrawImage after capturing the screen might reinstate transparent pixels but I haven't noticed any transparent windows to test this on myself in the newest version.

Code: Select all

count++
CaptureScreen(, True,A_Desktop "\Screen" count ".jpg")
exitapp


CaptureScreen(aRect = 0, bCursor = False, sFile = "", nQuality = "")
{
    If    !aRect
    {
        SysGet, nL, 76  ; virtual screen left & top
        SysGet, nT, 77
        SysGet, nW, 78    ; virtual screen width and height
        SysGet, nH, 79
    }
    Else If    aRect = 1
        WinGetPos, nL, nT, nW, nH, A
    Else If    aRect = 2
    {
        WinGet, hWnd, ID, A
        VarSetCapacity(rt, 16, 0)
        DllCall("GetClientRect" , "Uint", hWnd, "Uint", &rt)
        DllCall("ClientToScreen", "Uint", hWnd, "Uint", &rt)
        nL := NumGet(rt, 0, "int")
        nT := NumGet(rt, 4, "int")
        nW := NumGet(rt, 8)
        nH := NumGet(rt,12)
    }
    Else If    aRect = 3
    {
        VarSetCapacity(mi, 40, 0)
        DllCall("GetCursorPos", "int64P", pt)
        DllCall("GetMonitorInfo", "Uint", DllCall("MonitorFromPoint", "int64", pt, "Uint", 2), "Uint", NumPut(40,mi)-4)
        nL := NumGet(mi, 4, "int")
        nT := NumGet(mi, 8, "int")
        nW := NumGet(mi,12, "int") - nL
        nH := NumGet(mi,16, "int") - nT
    }
    Else
    {
        StringSplit, rt, aRect, `,, %A_Space%%A_Tab%
        nL := rt1    ; convert the Left,top, right, bottom into left, top, width, height
        nT := rt2
        nW := rt3 - rt1
        nH := rt4 - rt2
        znW := rt5
        znH := rt6
    }
 
    mDC := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "Uint", 0)
    hBM := CreateDIBSectionForScreenCapture(mDC, nW, nH)
    oBM := DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDC, "Uint", hBM)
    hDC := DllCall("GetDC", "Uint", 0)
    DllCall("BitBlt", "Uint", mDC, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", nW, "int", nH, "Uint", hDC, "int", nL, "int", nT, "Uint", 0x40000000 | 0x00CC0020)
    DllCall("ReleaseDC", "Uint", 0, "Uint", hDC)
    If    bCursor
        CaptureCursor(mDC, nL, nT)
    DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDC, "Uint", oBM)
    DllCall("DeleteDC", "Uint", mDC)
    If    znW && znH
        hBM := Zoomer(hBM, nW, nH, znW, znH)
    If    sFile = 0
        SetClipboardData(hBM)
    Else    Convert(hBM, sFile, nQuality), DllCall("DeleteObject", "Uint", hBM)
}
 
CaptureCursor(hDC, nL, nT)
{
    VarSetCapacity(mi, 20, 0), mi := Chr(20)
    DllCall("GetCursorInfo", "Uint", &mi)
    bShow   := NumGet(mi, 4)
    hCursor := NumGet(mi, 8)
    xCursor := NumGet(mi,12)
    yCursor := NumGet(mi,16)
 
    If    bShow && hCursor:=DllCall("CopyIcon", "Uint", hCursor)
    {
    VarSetCapacity(ni, 20, 0)
    DllCall("GetIconInfo", "Uint", hCursor, "Uint", &ni)
    bIcon    := NumGet(ni, 0)
    xHotspot := NumGet(ni, 4)
    yHotspot := NumGet(ni, 8)
    hBMMask  := NumGet(ni,12)
    hBMColor := NumGet(ni,16)
 
    DllCall("DrawIcon", "Uint", hDC, "int", xCursor - xHotspot - nL, "int", yCursor - yHotspot - nT, "Uint", hCursor)
    DllCall("DestroyIcon", "Uint", hCursor)
    If    hBMMask
    DllCall("DeleteObject", "Uint", hBMMask)
    If    hBMColor
    DllCall("DeleteObject", "Uint", hBMColor)
    }
}
 
Zoomer(hBM, nW, nH, znW, znH)
{
    mDC1 := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "Uint", 0)
    mDC2 := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "Uint", 0)
    zhBM := CreateDIBSectionForScreenCapture(mDC2, znW, znH)
    oBM1 := DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDC1, "Uint",  hBM)
    oBM2 := DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDC2, "Uint", zhBM)
    DllCall("SetStretchBltMode", "Uint", mDC2, "int", 4)
    DllCall("StretchBlt", "Uint", mDC2, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", znW, "int", znH, "Uint", mDC1, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", nW, "int", nH, "Uint", 0x00CC0020)
    DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDC1, "Uint", oBM1)
    DllCall("SelectObject", "Uint", mDC2, "Uint", oBM2)
    DllCall("DeleteDC", "Uint", mDC1)
    DllCall("DeleteDC", "Uint", mDC2)
    DllCall("DeleteObject", "Uint", hBM)
    Return    zhBM
}
 
Convert(sFileFr = "", sFileTo = "", nQuality = "")
{
    If    sFileTo  =
        sFileTo := A_ScriptDir . "\screen.bmp"
    SplitPath, sFileTo, , sDirTo, sExtTo, sNameTo
 
    If Not    hGdiPlus := DllCall("LoadLibrary", "str", "gdiplus.dll")
        Return    sFileFr+0 ? SaveHBITMAPToFile(sFileFr, sDirTo . "\" . sNameTo . ".bmp") : ""
    VarSetCapacity(si, 16, 0), si := Chr(1)
    DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusStartup", "UintP", pToken, "Uint", &si, "Uint", 0)
 
    If    !sFileFr
    {
        DllCall("OpenClipboard", "Uint", 0)
        If     DllCall("IsClipboardFormatAvailable", "Uint", 2) && (hBM:=DllCall("GetClipboardData", "Uint", 2))
        DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateBitmapFromHBITMAP", "Uint", hBM, "Uint", 0, "UintP", pImage)
        DllCall("CloseClipboard")
    }
    Else If    sFileFr Is Integer
        DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateBitmapFromHBITMAP", "Uint", sFileFr, "Uint", 0, "UintP", pImage)
    Else    DllCall("gdiplus\GdipLoadImageFromFile", "Uint", Unicode4Ansi(wFileFr,sFileFr), "UintP", pImage)
 
    DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncodersSize", "UintP", nCount, "UintP", nSize)
    VarSetCapacity(ci,nSize,0)
    DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncoders", "Uint", nCount, "Uint", nSize, "Uint", &ci)
    Loop, %    nCount
        If    InStr(Ansi4Unicode(NumGet(ci,76*(A_Index-1)+44)), "." . sExtTo)
        {
            pCodec := &ci+76*(A_Index-1)
            Break
        }
    If    InStr(".JPG.JPEG.JPE.JFIF", "." . sExtTo) && nQuality<>"" && pImage && pCodec
    {
    DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterListSize", "Uint", pImage, "Uint", pCodec, "UintP", nSize)
    VarSetCapacity(pi,nSize,0)
    DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterList", "Uint", pImage, "Uint", pCodec, "Uint", nSize, "Uint", &pi)
    Loop, %    NumGet(pi)
        If    NumGet(pi,28*(A_Index-1)+20)=1 && NumGet(pi,28*(A_Index-1)+24)=6
        {
            pParam := &pi+28*(A_Index-1)
            NumPut(nQuality,NumGet(NumPut(4,NumPut(1,pParam+0)+20)))
            Break
        }
    }
 
    If    pImage
        pCodec    ? DllCall("gdiplus\GdipSaveImageToFile", "Uint", pImage, "Uint", Unicode4Ansi(wFileTo,sFileTo), "Uint", pCodec, "Uint", pParam) : DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap", "Uint", pImage, "UintP", hBitmap, "Uint", 0) . SetClipboardData(hBitmap), DllCall("gdiplus\GdipDisposeImage", "Uint", pImage)
 
    DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusShutdown" , "Uint", pToken)
    DllCall("FreeLibrary", "Uint", hGdiPlus)
}
 
CreateDIBSectionForScreenCapture(hDC, nW, nH, bpp = 32, ByRef pBits = "")
{
    NumPut(VarSetCapacity(bi, 40, 0), bi)
    NumPut(nW, bi, 4)
    NumPut(nH, bi, 8)
    NumPut(bpp, NumPut(1, bi, 12, "UShort"), 0, "Ushort")
    NumPut(0,  bi,16)
    Return    DllCall("gdi32\CreateDIBSection", "Uint", hDC, "Uint", &bi, "Uint", 0, "UintP", pBits, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0)
}
 
SaveHBITMAPToFile(hBitmap, sFile)
{
    DllCall("GetObject", "Uint", hBitmap, "int", VarSetCapacity(oi,84,0), "Uint", &oi)
    hFile:=    DllCall("CreateFile", "Uint", &sFile, "Uint", 0x40000000, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 2, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0)
    DllCall("WriteFile", "Uint", hFile, "int64P", 0x4D42|14+40+NumGet(oi,44)<<16, "Uint", 6, "UintP", 0, "Uint", 0)
    DllCall("WriteFile", "Uint", hFile, "int64P", 54<<32, "Uint", 8, "UintP", 0, "Uint", 0)
    DllCall("WriteFile", "Uint", hFile, "Uint", &oi+24, "Uint", 40, "UintP", 0, "Uint", 0)
    DllCall("WriteFile", "Uint", hFile, "Uint", NumGet(oi,20), "Uint", NumGet(oi,44), "UintP", 0, "Uint", 0)
    DllCall("CloseHandle", "Uint", hFile)
}
 
SetClipboardData(hBitmap)
{
    DllCall("GetObject", "Uint", hBitmap, "int", VarSetCapacity(oi,84,0), "Uint", &oi)
    hDIB :=    DllCall("GlobalAlloc", "Uint", 2, "Uint", 40+NumGet(oi,44))
    pDIB :=    DllCall("GlobalLock", "Uint", hDIB)
    DllCall("RtlMoveMemory", "Uint", pDIB, "Uint", &oi+24, "Uint", 40)
    DllCall("RtlMoveMemory", "Uint", pDIB+40, "Uint", NumGet(oi,20), "Uint", NumGet(oi,44))
    DllCall("GlobalUnlock", "Uint", hDIB)
    DllCall("DeleteObject", "Uint", hBitmap)
    DllCall("OpenClipboard", "Uint", 0)
    DllCall("EmptyClipboard")
    DllCall("SetClipboardData", "Uint", 8, "Uint", hDIB)
    DllCall("CloseClipboard")
}
 
Unicode4Ansi(ByRef wString, sString)
{
    nSize := DllCall("MultiByteToWideChar", "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0, "Uint", &sString, "int", -1, "Uint", 0, "int", 0)
    VarSetCapacity(wString, nSize * 2)
    DllCall("MultiByteToWideChar", "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0, "Uint", &sString, "int", -1, "Uint", &wString, "int", nSize)
    Return    &wString
}
 
Ansi4Unicode(pString)
{
    nSize := DllCall("WideCharToMultiByte", "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0, "Uint", pString, "int", -1, "Uint", 0, "int",  0, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0)
    VarSetCapacity(sString, nSize)
    DllCall("WideCharToMultiByte", "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0, "Uint", pString, "int", -1, "str", sString, "int", nSize, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0)
    Return    sString
}

[adamantine]

which captures transparent windows and cursors

i saw the main part of this code earlier (in some other thread/forum)
it really captures transparent windows and the cursor. but there are several problems. the 1st of them is:

i cannot achieve the saving of png-files to: A_Desktop "\Screen"
a png-file does not appear in the folder
instead: a screen-shot appears in the clipboard (as big 9000-kb bitmap)

[adamantine]

what exactly should be changed so that the script began to save the png-files to A_Desktop "\Screen"?

the current situation is:
- a png-file does not appear in the folder (but it should appear there)
- a screen-shot appears in the clipboard (but this is the undesired behavior) (the clipboard should not be changed)

[iseahound]

the following code successfully creates a screen-shot of the screen:

That code does absolutely nothing for me. The pBitmap created has a value of 0.

Does the following code work for transparent windows? I don't see how it would not.

Code: Select all

image := [0,0,A_ScreenWidth,A_ScreenHeight]
filepath := ""
quality := ""

; Load GDI+

      DllCall("LoadLibrary", "str", "gdiplus")
      VarSetCapacity(si, A_PtrSize = 8 ? 24 : 16, 0) ; sizeof(GdiplusStartupInput) = 16, 24
         , NumPut(0x1, si, "uint")
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusStartup", "ptr*", pToken:=0, "ptr", &si, "ptr", 0)

; from_screenshot()

      ; struct BITMAPINFOHEADER - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapinfoheader
      hdc := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")
      VarSetCapacity(bi, 40, 0)                ; sizeof(bi) = 40
         , NumPut(       40, bi,  0,   "uint") ; Size
         , NumPut( image[3], bi,  4,   "uint") ; Width
         , NumPut(-image[4], bi,  8,    "int") ; Height - Negative so (0, 0) is top-left.
         , NumPut(        1, bi, 12, "ushort") ; Planes
         , NumPut(       32, bi, 14, "ushort") ; BitCount / BitsPerPixel
      hbm := DllCall("CreateDIBSection", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", &bi, "uint", 0, "ptr*", pBits:=0, "ptr", 0, "uint", 0, "ptr")
      obm := DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", hbm, "ptr")

      ; Retrieve the device context for the screen.
      sdc := DllCall("GetDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")

      ; Copies a portion of the screen to a new device context.
      DllCall("gdi32\BitBlt"
               , "ptr", hdc, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", image[3], "int", image[4]
               , "ptr", sdc, "int", image[1], "int", image[2], "uint", 0x00CC0020) ; SRCCOPY

      ; Release the device context to the screen.
      DllCall("ReleaseDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr", sdc)

      ; Convert the hBitmap to a Bitmap using a built in function as there is no transparency.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateBitmapFromHBITMAP", "ptr", hbm, "ptr", 0, "ptr*", pBitmap:=0)

      ; Cleanup the hBitmap and device contexts.
      DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", obm)
      DllCall("DeleteObject", "ptr", hbm)
      DllCall("DeleteDC",     "ptr", hdc)

; put_file()

      ; Seperate the filepath and default the extension to PNG.
      SplitPath filepath,, directory, extension, filename
      filename := (filename != "") ? filename : "___date___"
      extension := (extension ~= "^(?i:bmp|dib|rle|jpg|jpeg|jpe|jfif|gif|tif|tiff|png)$") ? extension : "png"
      filepath := directory . filename "." extension

      ; Fill a buffer with the available encoders.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncodersSize", "uint*", count:=0, "uint*", size:=0)
      VarSetCapacity(ci, size)
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncoders", "uint", count, "uint", size, "ptr", &ci)
      if !(count && size)
         throw Exception("Could not get a list of image codec encoders on this system.")

      ; Search for an encoder with a matching extension.
      Loop % count
         EncoderExtensions := StrGet(NumGet(ci, (idx:=(48+7*A_PtrSize)*(A_Index-1))+32+3*A_PtrSize, "uptr"), "UTF-16")
      until InStr(EncoderExtensions, "*." extension)

      ; Get the pointer to the index/offset of the matching encoder.
      if !(pCodec := &ci + idx)
         throw Exception("Could not find a matching encoder for the specified file format.")

      ; JPEG is a lossy image format that requires a quality value from 0-100. Default quality is 75.
      if (extension ~= "^(?i:jpg|jpeg|jpe|jfif)$"
      && 0 <= quality && quality <= 100 && quality != 75) {
         DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterListSize", "ptr", pBitmap, "ptr", pCodec, "uint*", size:=0)
         VarSetCapacity(EncoderParameters, size, 0)
         DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterList", "ptr", pBitmap, "ptr", pCodec, "uint", size, "ptr", &EncoderParameters)

         ; Search for an encoder parameter with 1 value of type 6.
         Loop % NumGet(EncoderParameters, "uint")
            elem := (24+A_PtrSize)*(A_Index-1) + A_PtrSize
         until (NumGet(EncoderParameters, elem+16, "uint") = 1) && (NumGet(EncoderParameters, elem+20, "uint") = 6)

         ; struct EncoderParameter - http://www.jose.it-berater.org/gdiplus/reference/structures/encoderparameter.htm
         ep := &EncoderParameters + elem - A_PtrSize                     ; sizeof(EncoderParameter) = 28, 32
            , NumPut(      1, ep+0,            0,   "uptr")              ; Must be 1.
            , NumPut(      4, ep+0, 20+A_PtrSize,   "uint")              ; Type
            , NumPut(quality, NumGet(ep+24+A_PtrSize, "uptr"), "uint")   ; Value (pointer)
      }

      ; Write the file to disk using the specified encoder and encoding parameters.
      Loop 6 ; Try this 6 times.
         if (A_Index > 1)
            Sleep % (2**(A_Index-2) * 30)
      until (result := !DllCall("gdiplus\GdipSaveImageToFile", "ptr", pBitmap, "wstr", filepath, "ptr", pCodec, "uint", (ep) ? ep : 0))
      if !(result)
         throw Exception("Could not save file to disk.")

      ; If the filename was omitted, replace it with the current time (accurate to the second).
      ; Multiple files that are created within 1 second will be overwritten with the last file.
      ; The replacement colon is called a Modifier Letter Colon found at <U+A789>.
      if (filename == "___date___") {
         FileGetTime filename, % filepath
         FormatTime filename, % filename, % "yyyy-MM-dd HH꞉mm꞉ss"
         FileMove % filepath, % directory . filename "." extension, true
         filepath := directory . filename "." extension
      }

; Shutdown GDI+

      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusShutdown", "ptr", pToken)
      DllCall("FreeLibrary", "ptr", DllCall("GetModuleHandle", "str", "gdiplus", "ptr"))

Source: https://github.com/iseahound/ImagePut

[adamantine]

Does the following code work for transparent windows?

this code creates a screen-shot
but it does not work for transparent windows

[Xtra]

try using:

Code: Select all

raster := 0x40000000 | 0x00CC0020
pBitmap := Gdip_BitmapFromScreen(0, raster)

[iseahound]

Oh your question is super confusing. I do not have an example that works for me on windows 10. Are you on a PC with Aero disabled?

Either way the answer is the CAPTUREBLT flag 0x40000000 added to BitBlt:

Code: Select all

image := [0,0,A_ScreenWidth,A_ScreenHeight]
filepath := ""
quality := ""

; Load GDI+

      DllCall("LoadLibrary", "str", "gdiplus")
      VarSetCapacity(si, A_PtrSize = 8 ? 24 : 16, 0) ; sizeof(GdiplusStartupInput) = 16, 24
         , NumPut(0x1, si, "uint")
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusStartup", "ptr*", pToken:=0, "ptr", &si, "ptr", 0)

; from_screenshot()

      ; struct BITMAPINFOHEADER - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapinfoheader
      hdc := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")
      VarSetCapacity(bi, 40, 0)                ; sizeof(bi) = 40
         , NumPut(       40, bi,  0,   "uint") ; Size
         , NumPut( image[3], bi,  4,   "uint") ; Width
         , NumPut(-image[4], bi,  8,    "int") ; Height - Negative so (0, 0) is top-left.
         , NumPut(        1, bi, 12, "ushort") ; Planes
         , NumPut(       32, bi, 14, "ushort") ; BitCount / BitsPerPixel
      hbm := DllCall("CreateDIBSection", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", &bi, "uint", 0, "ptr*", pBits:=0, "ptr", 0, "uint", 0, "ptr")
      obm := DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", hbm, "ptr")

      ; Retrieve the device context for the screen.
      sdc := DllCall("GetDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")

      ; Copies a portion of the screen to a new device context.
      DllCall("gdi32\BitBlt"
               , "ptr", hdc, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", image[3], "int", image[4]
               , "ptr", sdc, "int", image[1], "int", image[2], "uint", 0x00CC0020 | 0x40000000) ; SRCCOPY | CAPTUREBLT

      ; Release the device context to the screen.
      DllCall("ReleaseDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr", sdc)

      ; Convert the hBitmap to a Bitmap using a built in function as there is no transparency.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateBitmapFromHBITMAP", "ptr", hbm, "ptr", 0, "ptr*", pBitmap:=0)

      ; Cleanup the hBitmap and device contexts.
      DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", obm)
      DllCall("DeleteObject", "ptr", hbm)
      DllCall("DeleteDC",     "ptr", hdc)

; put_file()

      ; Seperate the filepath and default the extension to PNG.
      SplitPath filepath,, directory, extension, filename
      filename := (filename != "") ? filename : "___date___"
      extension := (extension ~= "^(?i:bmp|dib|rle|jpg|jpeg|jpe|jfif|gif|tif|tiff|png)$") ? extension : "png"
      filepath := directory . filename "." extension

      ; Fill a buffer with the available encoders.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncodersSize", "uint*", count:=0, "uint*", size:=0)
      VarSetCapacity(ci, size)
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncoders", "uint", count, "uint", size, "ptr", &ci)
      if !(count && size)
         throw Exception("Could not get a list of image codec encoders on this system.")

      ; Search for an encoder with a matching extension.
      Loop % count
         EncoderExtensions := StrGet(NumGet(ci, (idx:=(48+7*A_PtrSize)*(A_Index-1))+32+3*A_PtrSize, "uptr"), "UTF-16")
      until InStr(EncoderExtensions, "*." extension)

      ; Get the pointer to the index/offset of the matching encoder.
      if !(pCodec := &ci + idx)
         throw Exception("Could not find a matching encoder for the specified file format.")

      ; JPEG is a lossy image format that requires a quality value from 0-100. Default quality is 75.
      if (extension ~= "^(?i:jpg|jpeg|jpe|jfif)$"
      && 0 <= quality && quality <= 100 && quality != 75) {
         DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterListSize", "ptr", pBitmap, "ptr", pCodec, "uint*", size:=0)
         VarSetCapacity(EncoderParameters, size, 0)
         DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterList", "ptr", pBitmap, "ptr", pCodec, "uint", size, "ptr", &EncoderParameters)

         ; Search for an encoder parameter with 1 value of type 6.
         Loop % NumGet(EncoderParameters, "uint")
            elem := (24+A_PtrSize)*(A_Index-1) + A_PtrSize
         until (NumGet(EncoderParameters, elem+16, "uint") = 1) && (NumGet(EncoderParameters, elem+20, "uint") = 6)

         ; struct EncoderParameter - http://www.jose.it-berater.org/gdiplus/reference/structures/encoderparameter.htm
         ep := &EncoderParameters + elem - A_PtrSize                     ; sizeof(EncoderParameter) = 28, 32
            , NumPut(      1, ep+0,            0,   "uptr")              ; Must be 1.
            , NumPut(      4, ep+0, 20+A_PtrSize,   "uint")              ; Type
            , NumPut(quality, NumGet(ep+24+A_PtrSize, "uptr"), "uint")   ; Value (pointer)
      }

      ; Write the file to disk using the specified encoder and encoding parameters.
      Loop 6 ; Try this 6 times.
         if (A_Index > 1)
            Sleep % (2**(A_Index-2) * 30)
      until (result := !DllCall("gdiplus\GdipSaveImageToFile", "ptr", pBitmap, "wstr", filepath, "ptr", pCodec, "uint", (ep) ? ep : 0))
      if !(result)
         throw Exception("Could not save file to disk.")

      ; If the filename was omitted, replace it with the current time (accurate to the second).
      ; Multiple files that are created within 1 second will be overwritten with the last file.
      ; The replacement colon is called a Modifier Letter Colon found at <U+A789>.
      if (filename == "___date___") {
         FileGetTime filename, % filepath
         FormatTime filename, % filename, % "yyyy-MM-dd HH꞉mm꞉ss"
         FileMove % filepath, % directory . filename "." extension, true
         filepath := directory . filename "." extension
      }

; Shutdown GDI+

      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusShutdown", "ptr", pToken)
      DllCall("FreeLibrary", "ptr", DllCall("GetModuleHandle", "str", "gdiplus", "ptr"))

[adamantine]

try using

it does not help

Are you on a PC with Aero disabled?

i have windows server 2003

Either way the answer is the CAPTUREBLT flag

this code works for transparent windows

but there is the similar problem (as in the 3rd message of this thread). the problem is related to the creation of a png-file. example:
- a screen-shot should be saved inside the "scr-ss" folder (in the desktop)
- i change the 2nd line to:

Code: Select all

filepath := "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\scr-ss"

- this file appears (in the desktop) as:   scr-ss2020-09-08 06-07-30.png
- the "scr-ss" folder remains empty
- but the name of the file should be:   2020-09-08 06-07-30.png

it seems that this problem should be very easy to solve but i have no success at the moment

[Xtra]

easy fix = filepath := "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\scr-ss\"

it does not help

You need to edit your code of course.

[tmplinshi]

but there is the similar problem (as in the 3rd message of this thread). the problem is related to the creation of a png-file. example:
- a screen-shot should be saved inside the "scr-ss" folder (in the desktop)
- i change the 2nd line to:

Code: Select all

filepath := "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\scr-ss"

- this file appears (in the desktop) as:   scr-ss2020-09-08 06-07-30.png
- the "scr-ss" folder remains empty
- but the name of the file should be:   2020-09-08 06-07-30.png

it seems that this problem should be very easy to solve but i have no success at the moment

Change 3 occurrences of directory . to directory . "\" .

[iseahound]

@tmplinshi 's answer is correct. Here are the changes with their suggestions added.

Code: Select all

image := [0,0,A_ScreenWidth,A_ScreenHeight]
filepath := "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\scr-ss\" ; backslash at the end is required at the moment :(
quality := ""

; Load GDI+

      DllCall("LoadLibrary", "str", "gdiplus")
      VarSetCapacity(si, A_PtrSize = 8 ? 24 : 16, 0) ; sizeof(GdiplusStartupInput) = 16, 24
         , NumPut(0x1, si, "uint")
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusStartup", "ptr*", pToken:=0, "ptr", &si, "ptr", 0)

; from_screenshot()

      ; struct BITMAPINFOHEADER - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapinfoheader
      hdc := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")
      VarSetCapacity(bi, 40, 0)                ; sizeof(bi) = 40
         , NumPut(       40, bi,  0,   "uint") ; Size
         , NumPut( image[3], bi,  4,   "uint") ; Width
         , NumPut(-image[4], bi,  8,    "int") ; Height - Negative so (0, 0) is top-left.
         , NumPut(        1, bi, 12, "ushort") ; Planes
         , NumPut(       32, bi, 14, "ushort") ; BitCount / BitsPerPixel
      hbm := DllCall("CreateDIBSection", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", &bi, "uint", 0, "ptr*", pBits:=0, "ptr", 0, "uint", 0, "ptr")
      obm := DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", hbm, "ptr")

      ; Retrieve the device context for the screen.
      sdc := DllCall("GetDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")

      ; Copies a portion of the screen to a new device context.
      DllCall("gdi32\BitBlt"
               , "ptr", hdc, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", image[3], "int", image[4]
               , "ptr", sdc, "int", image[1], "int", image[2], "uint", 0x00CC0020 | 0x40000000) ; SRCCOPY | CAPTUREBLT

      ; Release the device context to the screen.
      DllCall("ReleaseDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr", sdc)

      ; Convert the hBitmap to a Bitmap using a built in function as there is no transparency.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateBitmapFromHBITMAP", "ptr", hbm, "ptr", 0, "ptr*", pBitmap:=0)

      ; Cleanup the hBitmap and device contexts.
      DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", obm)
      DllCall("DeleteObject", "ptr", hbm)
      DllCall("DeleteDC",     "ptr", hdc)

; put_file()

      ; Seperate the filepath and default the extension to PNG.
      SplitPath filepath,, directory, extension, filename
      directory := (directory != "") ? directory : "."
      filename := (filename != "") ? filename : "___date___"
      extension := (extension ~= "^(?i:bmp|dib|rle|jpg|jpeg|jpe|jfif|gif|tif|tiff|png)$") ? extension : "png"
      filepath := directory . "\" . filename "." extension

      ; Fill a buffer with the available encoders.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncodersSize", "uint*", count:=0, "uint*", size:=0)
      VarSetCapacity(ci, size)
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncoders", "uint", count, "uint", size, "ptr", &ci)
      if !(count && size)
         throw Exception("Could not get a list of image codec encoders on this system.")

      ; Search for an encoder with a matching extension.
      Loop % count
         EncoderExtensions := StrGet(NumGet(ci, (idx:=(48+7*A_PtrSize)*(A_Index-1))+32+3*A_PtrSize, "uptr"), "UTF-16")
      until InStr(EncoderExtensions, "*." extension)

      ; Get the pointer to the index/offset of the matching encoder.
      if !(pCodec := &ci + idx)
         throw Exception("Could not find a matching encoder for the specified file format.")

      ; JPEG is a lossy image format that requires a quality value from 0-100. Default quality is 75.
      if (extension ~= "^(?i:jpg|jpeg|jpe|jfif)$"
      && 0 <= quality && quality <= 100 && quality != 75) {
         DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterListSize", "ptr", pBitmap, "ptr", pCodec, "uint*", size:=0)
         VarSetCapacity(EncoderParameters, size, 0)
         DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetEncoderParameterList", "ptr", pBitmap, "ptr", pCodec, "uint", size, "ptr", &EncoderParameters)

         ; Search for an encoder parameter with 1 value of type 6.
         Loop % NumGet(EncoderParameters, "uint")
            elem := (24+A_PtrSize)*(A_Index-1) + A_PtrSize
         until (NumGet(EncoderParameters, elem+16, "uint") = 1) && (NumGet(EncoderParameters, elem+20, "uint") = 6)

         ; struct EncoderParameter - http://www.jose.it-berater.org/gdiplus/reference/structures/encoderparameter.htm
         ep := &EncoderParameters + elem - A_PtrSize                     ; sizeof(EncoderParameter) = 28, 32
            , NumPut(      1, ep+0,            0,   "uptr")              ; Must be 1.
            , NumPut(      4, ep+0, 20+A_PtrSize,   "uint")              ; Type
            , NumPut(quality, NumGet(ep+24+A_PtrSize, "uptr"), "uint")   ; Value (pointer)
      }

      ; Write the file to disk using the specified encoder and encoding parameters.
      Loop 6 ; Try this 6 times.
         if (A_Index > 1)
            Sleep % (2**(A_Index-2) * 30)
      until (result := !DllCall("gdiplus\GdipSaveImageToFile", "ptr", pBitmap, "wstr", filepath, "ptr", pCodec, "uint", (ep) ? ep : 0))
      if !(result)
         throw Exception("Could not save file to disk.")

      ; If the filename was omitted, replace it with the current time (accurate to the second).
      ; Multiple files that are created within 1 second will be overwritten with the last file.
      ; The replacement colon is called a Modifier Letter Colon found at <U+A789>.
      if (filename == "___date___") {
         FileGetTime filename, % filepath
         FormatTime filename, % filename, % "yyyy-MM-dd HH꞉mm꞉ss"
         FileMove % filepath, % directory . "\" . filename "." extension, true
         filepath := directory . "\" . filename "." extension
      }

; Dispose Bitmap

      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipDisposeImage", "ptr", pBitmap)

; Shutdown GDI+

      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusShutdown", "ptr", pToken)
      DllCall("FreeLibrary", "ptr", DllCall("GetModuleHandle", "str", "gdiplus", "ptr"))

[adamantine]

easy fix =

of course, i tried this several times. and it does not work

Change 3 occurrences of directory . to directory . "\" .

tmplinshi, thank you. these 3 changes turned out to be a solution
(i also had to add the backslash at the end of the 2nd line, as Xtra suggested)

iseahound, thank you for your code. i have a small additional question:
i noticed that a png-file is created with the "___date___.png" title at first
and only after that the title changes to the desired variant like   2020-09-08 15-48-51.png
what should i change in the script so that it created a png-file with the desired title straightway?

[iseahound]

Code: Select all

FormatTime filename, % A_Now, % "yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss"

filepath := "mydir\" filename ".png"

I wrote this code to use a temporary name ___date___.png because I wanted the name of the file to be equal to the file modified and creation time.

I edited the code to dispose the bitmap created: there was a memory leak.

[adamantine]

iseahound, thank you. i altered the code experimentally (including the removal of a 'jpg' part and a '___date___' part)
the code works. and i hope that it will be in a constant use with no trouble
i plan to use it very-very often (~700-1200 times every 24 hours: mostly as an automatic screen-shoter (every 30 seconds), sometimes as a manual screen-shoter)

the only negative thing that i noticed by now:
generally a png-file appears immediately (but sometimes it appears with a small delay: 1-2 seconds)
the system is in idle state so the code is the reason for this behavior

other codes (that i tried) do not have such delay
those other codes: 1) are also related to screen-shots, 2) cannot work with transparent windows

Code: Select all

^+s::
{
FormatTime filename, % A_Now, % "yyyy.MM.dd   HH.mm.ss"
image := [0,0,A_ScreenWidth,A_ScreenHeight]
filepath := "C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\scr-ss\" filename ".png"

; Load GDI+

      DllCall("LoadLibrary", "str", "gdiplus")
      VarSetCapacity(si, A_PtrSize = 8 ? 24 : 16, 0) ; sizeof(GdiplusStartupInput) = 16, 24
         , NumPut(0x1, si, "uint")
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusStartup", "ptr*", pToken:=0, "ptr", &si, "ptr", 0)

; from_screenshot()

      ; struct BITMAPINFOHEADER - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/wingdi/ns-wingdi-bitmapinfoheader
      hdc := DllCall("CreateCompatibleDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")
      VarSetCapacity(bi, 40, 0)                ; sizeof(bi) = 40
         , NumPut(       40, bi,  0,   "uint") ; Size
         , NumPut( image[3], bi,  4,   "uint") ; Width
         , NumPut(-image[4], bi,  8,    "int") ; Height - Negative so (0, 0) is top-left.
         , NumPut(        1, bi, 12, "ushort") ; Planes
         , NumPut(       32, bi, 14, "ushort") ; BitCount / BitsPerPixel
      hbm := DllCall("CreateDIBSection", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", &bi, "uint", 0, "ptr*", pBits:=0, "ptr", 0, "uint", 0, "ptr")
      obm := DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", hbm, "ptr")

      ; Retrieve the device context for the screen.
      sdc := DllCall("GetDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr")

      ; Copies a portion of the screen to a new device context.
      DllCall("gdi32\BitBlt"
               , "ptr", hdc, "int", 0, "int", 0, "int", image[3], "int", image[4]
               , "ptr", sdc, "int", image[1], "int", image[2], "uint", 0x00CC0020 | 0x40000000) ; SRCCOPY | CAPTUREBLT

      ; Release the device context to the screen.
      DllCall("ReleaseDC", "ptr", 0, "ptr", sdc)

      ; Convert the hBitmap to a Bitmap using a built in function as there is no transparency.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipCreateBitmapFromHBITMAP", "ptr", hbm, "ptr", 0, "ptr*", pBitmap:=0)

      ; Cleanup the hBitmap and device contexts.
      DllCall("SelectObject", "ptr", hdc, "ptr", obm)
      DllCall("DeleteObject", "ptr", hbm)
      DllCall("DeleteDC",     "ptr", hdc)

; put_file()

      ; Separate the filepath and default the extension to PNG.
      extension := (extension ~= "^(?i:bmp|dib|rle|jpg|jpeg|jpe|jfif|gif|tif|tiff|png)$") ? extension : "png"

      ; Fill a buffer with the available encoders.
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncodersSize", "uint*", count:=0, "uint*", size:=0)
      VarSetCapacity(ci, size)
      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipGetImageEncoders", "uint", count, "uint", size, "ptr", &ci)
      if !(count && size)
         throw Exception("Could not get a list of image codec encoders on this system.")

      ; Search for an encoder with a matching extension.
      Loop % count
         EncoderExtensions := StrGet(NumGet(ci, (idx:=(48+7*A_PtrSize)*(A_Index-1))+32+3*A_PtrSize, "uptr"), "UTF-16")
      until InStr(EncoderExtensions, "*." extension)

      ; Get the pointer to the index/offset of the matching encoder.
      if !(pCodec := &ci + idx)
         throw Exception("Could not find a matching encoder for the specified file format.")

      ; Write the file to disk using the specified encoder and encoding parameters.
      Loop 6 ; Try this 6 times.
         if (A_Index > 1)
            Sleep % (2**(A_Index-2) * 30)
      until (result := !DllCall("gdiplus\GdipSaveImageToFile", "ptr", pBitmap, "wstr", filepath, "ptr", pCodec, "uint", (ep) ? ep : 0))
      if !(result)
         throw Exception("Could not save file to disk.")

; Dispose Bitmap

      DllCall("gdiplus\GdipDisposeImage", "ptr", pBitmap)

; Shutdown GDI+

      DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusShutdown", "ptr", pToken)
      DllCall("FreeLibrary", "ptr", DllCall("GetModuleHandle", "str", "gdiplus", "ptr"))
return
}

[iseahound]

An old trick would be to save the files as pARGB, but it is doubtful there would be any gains in speed. Honestly, the use of CAPTUREBLT is probably expensive. The only other speedup I can think of is to avoid the use of PNG and settle for TIF or the fastest: BMP. Finally you should not be loading and unloading gdi+ with each call.

[adamantine]

unfortunately i'm obliged to forget about this code (which works with transparent windows)
because the cursor flickers in the moment when a screen-shot is created
sometimes it flickers, sometimes not (~ in 5 cases out of 10) (but even if it was 1 out of 10, then it is still absolutely not acceptable)

if there is a solution, i would like to know about it, and test it
if the solution is absent, i have to return to using the 'screen-shot' code that does not work with transparent windows (but also does not flicker at all)

[malcev]

You can do it with directx+wic
Script makes 100 screenshots and last one saves to disc.

Code: Select all

;
; Script Requirements:
;
;   DirectX - March 2008 or later. (d3dx9_37.dll)
;     DirectX End-User Runtime Web Installer (March 2008):
;     http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=2DA43D38-DB71-4C1B-BC6A-9B6652CD92A3&displaylang=en
;
file := "test.png"
setbatchlines -1

; init D3D and get screen size
d3d := Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION := 32) 
if !d3d
{
    MsgBox, 16, Error, Direct3DCreate9 failed.
    ExitApp
}
VarSetCapacity(D3DDISPLAYMODE, 16, 0)
IDirect3D9_GetAdapterDisplayMode(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT := 0, &D3DDISPLAYMODE)
Windowed := true
BackBufferCount := 1
BackBufferHeight := NumGet(D3DDISPLAYMODE, 4, "uint")
BackBufferWidth := NumGet(D3DDISPLAYMODE, 0, "uint")
SwapEffect := 1   ; D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD
hDeviceWindow := 0

; create device & capture surface
VarSetCapacity(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 48+2*A_PtrSize, 0) 
NumPut(BackBufferWidth, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 0)
NumPut(BackBufferHeight, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 4)
NumPut(BackBufferCount, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 12)
NumPut(SwapEffect, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 24)
NumPut(hDeviceWindow, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 24+A_PtrSize)
NumPut(Windowed, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, 24+2*A_PtrSize)
IDirect3D9_CreateDevice(d3d, D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT := 0, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL := 1, 0, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING := 0x00000020, &D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS, device)
IDirect3DDevice9_CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(device, BackBufferWidth, BackBufferHeight, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8 := 21, D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM := 2, surface, 0)

a := a_tickcount
loop 100
{
   ; get the data
   IDirect3DDevice9_GetFrontBufferData(device, 0, surface)

   ; copy it into our buffers
   VarSetCapacity(D3DLOCKED_RECT, A_PtrSize*2, 0)
   IDirect3DSurface9_LockRect(surface, &D3DLOCKED_RECT, 0, 0)
   pitch := NumGet(D3DLOCKED_RECT, 0, "int")
   pBits := NumGet(D3DLOCKED_RECT, A_PtrSize, "ptr")
   IDirect3DSurface9_UnlockRect(surface)
}
msgbox % a_tickcount - a

SavePixelsToFile32bppPBGRA(BackBufferWidth, BackBufferHeight, pitch, pBits, file, "GUID_ContainerFormatPng")

Release(surface)
Release(device)
Release(d3d)
msgbox done
return



Direct3DCreate9(SDKVersion) {
    if !DllCall("GetModuleHandle","str","d3d9")
        DllCall("LoadLibrary","str","d3d9")
    return DllCall("d3d9\Direct3DCreate9", "uint", SDKVersion)
}

IDirect3D9_GetAdapterDisplayMode(this,Adapter,pMode)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+8*A_PtrSize),"ptr",this,"uint",Adapter,"ptr",pMode)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IDirect3D9_CreateDevice(this,Adapter,DeviceType,hFocusWindow,BehaviorFlags,pPresentationParameters,ByRef ppReturnedDeviceInterface)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+16*A_PtrSize),"ptr",this,"uint",Adapter,"uint",DeviceType,"ptr",hFocusWindow,"uint",BehaviorFlags,"ptr",pPresentationParameters,"ptr*",ppReturnedDeviceInterface)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IDirect3DDevice9_GetFrontBufferData(this,iSwapChain,pDestSurface)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+33*A_PtrSize),"ptr",this,"uint",iSwapChain,"ptr",pDestSurface)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IDirect3DDevice9_CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(this,Width,Height,Format,Pool,ByRef ppSurface,pSharedHandle)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+36*A_PtrSize),"ptr",this,"uint",Width,"uint",Height,"uint",Format,"uint",Pool,"ptr*",ppSurface,"ptr",pSharedHandle)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IDirect3DSurface9_LockRect(this,pLockedRect,pRect,Flags)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+13*A_PtrSize),"ptr",this,"ptr",pLockedRect,"ptr",pRect,"uint",Flags)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IDirect3DSurface9_UnlockRect(this)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+14*A_PtrSize),"ptr",this)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

Release(this) { ; COM_Release. So far the only required COM_* function...
    return DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+2*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this)
}

_Error(val)
{
   msgbox % val
   ExitApp
}

SavePixelsToFile32bppPBGRA(width, height, stride, pixels, filePath, GUID)
{
   wic := IWICCreate()
   IWICImagingFactory_CreateStream(wic, stream)
   IWICStream_InitializeFromFilename(stream, filePath, GENERIC_WRITE := 0x40000000)
   IWICImagingFactory_CreateEncoder(wic, GUID, 0, encoder)
   IWICBitmapEncoder_Initialize(encoder, stream, WICBitmapEncoderNoCache := 0x2)
   IWICBitmapEncoder_CreateNewFrame(encoder, frame)
   IWICBitmapFrameEncode_Initialize(frame)
   IWICBitmapFrameEncode_SetSize(frame, width, height)
   IWICBitmapFrameEncode_SetPixelFormat(frame, "GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA")
   IWICBitmapFrameEncode_WritePixels(frame, height, stride, stride * height, pixels)
   IWICBitmapFrameEncode_Commit(frame)
   IWICBitmapEncoder_Commit(encoder)
   Release(stream)
   Release(frame)
   Release(encoder)
   Release(factory)
   ObjRelease(wic)
   return
}

IWICCreate()
{
   return ComObjCreate("{cacaf262-9370-4615-a13b-9f5539da4c0a}", "{ec5ec8a9-c395-4314-9c77-54d7a935ff70}")
}

IWICImagingFactory_CreateStream(this, ByRef ppIWICStream)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+14*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "ptr*", ppIWICStream)
   if hr or ErrorLevel
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICImagingFactory_CreateEncoder(this, guidContainerFormat, pguidVendor, ByRef ppIEncoder)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+8*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "ptr", WIC_GUID(GUID1, guidContainerFormat), "ptr", WIC_GUID(GUID2, pguidVendor), "ptr*", ppIEncoder)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICStream_InitializeFromFilename(this, wzFileName, dwDesiredAccess)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+15*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "str", wzFileName, "uint", dwDesiredAccess)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapEncoder_Initialize(this, pIStream, cacheOption)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+3*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "ptr", pIStream, "int", cacheOption)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapEncoder_CreateNewFrame(this, ByRef ppIFrameEncode, ppIEncoderOptions := 0)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+10*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "ptr*", ppIFrameEncode, "ptr*", ppIEncoderOptions)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapEncoder_Commit(this)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+11*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapFrameEncode_Initialize(this, pIEncoderOptions := 0)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+3*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "ptr", pIEncoderOptions)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapFrameEncode_SetSize(this, uiWidth, uiHeight)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+4*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "uint", uiWidth, "uint", uiHeight)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapFrameEncode_SetPixelFormat(this, pPixelFormat)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+6*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "ptr", WIC_GUID(GUID, pPixelFormat))
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapFrameEncode_WritePixels(this, lineCount, cbStride, cbBufferSize, pbPixels)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+10*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this, "uint", lineCount, "uint", cbStride, "uint", cbBufferSize, "ptr", pbPixels)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

IWICBitmapFrameEncode_Commit(this)
{
   hr := DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(this+0)+12*A_PtrSize), "ptr", this)
   if hr
      _Error(A_ThisFunc " error: " hr "`nErrorLevel: " ErrorLevel)
}

WIC_GUID(ByRef GUID,name){
	static init:=1,_:={}
	if init {
	init:=0
	; Decoders
	 _.CLSID_WICBmpDecoder:=[0x6b462062, 0x7cbf, 0x400d, 0x9f, 0xdb, 0x81, 0x3d, 0xd1, 0xf, 0x27, 0x78]
	,_.CLSID_WICPngDecoder:=[0x389ea17b, 0x5078, 0x4cde, 0xb6, 0xef, 0x25, 0xc1, 0x51, 0x75, 0xc7, 0x51]
	,_.CLSID_WICIcoDecoder:=[0xc61bfcdf, 0x2e0f, 0x4aad, 0xa8, 0xd7, 0xe0, 0x6b, 0xaf, 0xeb, 0xcd, 0xfe]
	,_.CLSID_WICJpegDecoder:=[0x9456a480, 0xe88b, 0x43ea, 0x9e, 0x73, 0xb, 0x2d, 0x9b, 0x71, 0xb1, 0xca]
	,_.CLSID_WICGifDecoder:=[0x381dda3c, 0x9ce9, 0x4834, 0xa2, 0x3e, 0x1f, 0x98, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0x52, 0xbe]
	,_.CLSID_WICTiffDecoder:=[0xb54e85d9, 0xfe23, 0x499f, 0x8b, 0x88, 0x6a, 0xce, 0xa7, 0x13, 0x75, 0x2b]
	,_.CLSID_WICWmpDecoder:=[0xa26cec36, 0x234c, 0x4950, 0xae, 0x16, 0xe3, 0x4a, 0xac, 0xe7, 0x1d, 0x0d]
	; Encoders
	 _.CLSID_WICBmpEncoder:=[0x69be8bb4, 0xd66d, 0x47c8, 0x86, 0x5a, 0xed, 0x15, 0x89, 0x43, 0x37, 0x82]
	,_.CLSID_WICPngEncoder:=[0x27949969, 0x876a, 0x41d7, 0x94, 0x47, 0x56, 0x8f, 0x6a, 0x35, 0xa4, 0xdc]
	,_.CLSID_WICJpegEncoder:=[0x1a34f5c1, 0x4a5a, 0x46dc, 0xb6, 0x44, 0x1f, 0x45, 0x67, 0xe7, 0xa6, 0x76]
	,_.CLSID_WICGifEncoder:=[0x114f5598, 0xb22, 0x40a0, 0x86, 0xa1, 0xc8, 0x3e, 0xa4, 0x95, 0xad, 0xbd]
	,_.CLSID_WICTiffEncoder:=[0x0131be10, 0x2001, 0x4c5f, 0xa9, 0xb0, 0xcc, 0x88, 0xfa, 0xb6, 0x4c, 0xe8]
	,_.CLSID_WICWmpEncoder:=[0xac4ce3cb, 0xe1c1, 0x44cd, 0x82, 0x15, 0x5a, 0x16, 0x65, 0x50, 0x9e, 0xc2]
	; Container Formats
	 _.GUID_ContainerFormatBmp:=[0xaf1d87e, 0xfcfe, 0x4188, 0xbd, 0xeb, 0xa7, 0x90, 0x64, 0x71, 0xcb, 0xe3]
	,_.GUID_ContainerFormatPng:=[0x1b7cfaf4, 0x713f, 0x473c, 0xbb, 0xcd, 0x61, 0x37, 0x42, 0x5f, 0xae, 0xaf]
	,_.GUID_ContainerFormatIco:=[0xa3a860c4, 0x338f, 0x4c17, 0x91, 0x9a, 0xfb, 0xa4, 0xb5, 0x62, 0x8f, 0x21]
	,_.GUID_ContainerFormatJpeg:=[0x19e4a5aa, 0x5662, 0x4fc5, 0xa0, 0xc0, 0x17, 0x58, 0x2, 0x8e, 0x10, 0x57]
	,_.GUID_ContainerFormatTiff:=[0x163bcc30, 0xe2e9, 0x4f0b, 0x96, 0x1d, 0xa3, 0xe9, 0xfd, 0xb7, 0x88, 0xa3]
	,_.GUID_ContainerFormatGif:=[0x1f8a5601, 0x7d4d, 0x4cbd, 0x9c, 0x82, 0x1b, 0xc8, 0xd4, 0xee, 0xb9, 0xa5]
	,_.GUID_ContainerFormatWmp:=[0x57a37caa, 0x367a, 0x4540, 0x91, 0x6b, 0xf1, 0x83, 0xc5, 0x09, 0x3a, 0x4b]
	; Component Identifiers
	 _.CLSID_WICImagingCategories:=[0xfae3d380, 0xfea4, 0x4623, 0x8c, 0x75, 0xc6, 0xb6, 0x11, 0x10, 0xb6, 0x81]
	,_.CATID_WICBitmapDecoders:=[0x7ed96837, 0x96f0, 0x4812, 0xb2, 0x11, 0xf1, 0x3c, 0x24, 0x11, 0x7e, 0xd3]
	,_.CATID_WICBitmapEncoders:=[0xac757296, 0x3522, 0x4e11, 0x98, 0x62, 0xc1, 0x7b, 0xe5, 0xa1, 0x76, 0x7e]
	,_.CATID_WICPixelFormats:=[0x2b46e70f, 0xcda7, 0x473e, 0x89, 0xf6, 0xdc, 0x96, 0x30, 0xa2, 0x39, 0x0b]
	,_.CATID_WICFormatConverters:=[0x7835eae8, 0xbf14, 0x49d1, 0x93, 0xce, 0x53, 0x3a, 0x40, 0x7b, 0x22, 0x48]
	,_.CATID_WICMetadataReader:=[0x05af94d8, 0x7174, 0x4cd2, 0xbe, 0x4a, 0x41, 0x24, 0xb8, 0x0e, 0xe4, 0xb8]
	,_.CATID_WICMetadataWriter:=[0xabe3b9a4, 0x257d, 0x4b97, 0xbd, 0x1a, 0x29, 0x4a, 0xf4, 0x96, 0x22, 0x2e]
	; Format Converters
	 _.CLSID_WICDefaultFormatConverter:=[0x1a3f11dc, 0xb514, 0x4b17, 0x8c, 0x5f, 0x21, 0x54, 0x51, 0x38, 0x52, 0xf1]
	,_.CLSID_WICFormatConverterHighColor:=[0xac75d454, 0x9f37, 0x48f8, 0xb9, 0x72, 0x4e, 0x19, 0xbc, 0x85, 0x60, 0x11]
	,_.CLSID_WICFormatConverterNChannel:=[0xc17cabb2, 0xd4a3, 0x47d7, 0xa5, 0x57, 0x33, 0x9b, 0x2e, 0xfb, 0xd4, 0xf1]
	,_.CLSID_WICFormatConverterWMPhoto:=[0x9cb5172b, 0xd600, 0x46ba, 0xab, 0x77, 0x77, 0xbb, 0x7e, 0x3a, 0x00, 0xd9]
	; Metadata Handlers
	 _.GUID_MetadataFormatUnknown:=[0xA45E592F, 0x9078, 0x4A7C, 0xAD, 0xB5, 0x4E, 0xDC, 0x4F, 0xD6, 0x1B, 0x1F]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatIfd:=[0x537396C6, 0x2D8A, 0x4BB6, 0x9B, 0xF8, 0x2F, 0x0A, 0x8E, 0x2A, 0x3A, 0xDF]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatSubIfd:=[0x58A2E128, 0x2DB9, 0x4E57, 0xBB, 0x14, 0x51, 0x77, 0x89, 0x1E, 0xD3, 0x31]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatExif:=[0x1C3C4F9D, 0xB84A, 0x467D, 0x94, 0x93, 0x36, 0xCF, 0xBD, 0x59, 0xEA, 0x57]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatGps:=[0x7134AB8A, 0x9351, 0x44AD, 0xAF, 0x62, 0x44, 0x8D, 0xB6, 0xB5, 0x02, 0xEC]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatInterop:=[0xED686F8E, 0x681F, 0x4C8B, 0xBD, 0x41, 0xA8, 0xAD, 0xDB, 0xF6, 0xB3, 0xFC]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatApp0:=[0x79007028, 0x268D, 0x45d6, 0xA3, 0xC2, 0x35, 0x4E, 0x6A, 0x50, 0x4B, 0xC9]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatApp1:=[0x8FD3DFC3, 0xF951, 0x492B, 0x81, 0x7F, 0x69, 0xC2, 0xE6, 0xD9, 0xA5, 0xB0]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatApp13:=[0x326556A2, 0xF502, 0x4354, 0x9C, 0xC0, 0x8E, 0x3F, 0x48, 0xEA, 0xF6, 0xB5]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatIPTC:=[0x4FAB0914, 0xE129, 0x4087, 0xA1, 0xD1, 0xBC, 0x81, 0x2D, 0x45, 0xA7, 0xB5]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatIRB:=[0x16100D66, 0x8570, 0x4BB9, 0xB9, 0x2D, 0xFD, 0xA4, 0xB2, 0x3E, 0xCE, 0x67]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormat8BIMIPTC:=[0x0010568c, 0x0852, 0x4e6a, 0xb1, 0x91, 0x5c, 0x33, 0xac, 0x5b, 0x04, 0x30]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormat8BIMResolutionInfo:=[0x739F305D, 0x81DB, 0x43CB, 0xAC, 0x5E, 0x55, 0x01, 0x3E, 0xF9, 0xF0, 0x03]
	 _.GUID_MetadataFormat8BIMIPTCDigest:=[0x1CA32285, 0x9CCD, 0x4786, 0x8B, 0xD8, 0x79, 0x53, 0x9D, 0xB6, 0xA0, 0x06]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatXMP:=[0xBB5ACC38, 0xF216, 0x4CEC, 0xA6, 0xC5, 0x5F, 0x6E, 0x73, 0x97, 0x63, 0xA9]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatThumbnail:=[0x243dcee9, 0x8703, 0x40ee, 0x8e, 0xf0, 0x22, 0xa6, 0x0, 0xb8, 0x5, 0x8c]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunktEXt:=[0x568d8936, 0xc0a9, 0x4923, 0x90, 0x5d, 0xdf, 0x2b, 0x38, 0x23, 0x8f, 0xbc]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatXMPStruct:=[0x22383CF1, 0xED17, 0x4E2E, 0xAF, 0x17, 0xD8, 0x5B, 0x8F, 0x6B, 0x30, 0xD0]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatXMPBag:=[0x833CCA5F, 0xDCB7, 0x4516, 0x80, 0x6F, 0x65, 0x96, 0xAB, 0x26, 0xDC, 0xE4]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatXMPSeq:=[0x63E8DF02, 0xEB6C,0x456C, 0xA2, 0x24, 0xB2, 0x5E, 0x79, 0x4F, 0xD6, 0x48]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatXMPAlt:=[0x7B08A675, 0x91AA, 0x481B, 0xA7, 0x98, 0x4D, 0xA9, 0x49, 0x08, 0x61, 0x3B]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatLSD:=[0xE256031E, 0x6299, 0x4929, 0xB9, 0x8D, 0x5A, 0xC8, 0x84, 0xAF, 0xBA, 0x92]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatIMD:=[0xBD2BB086, 0x4D52, 0x48DD, 0x96, 0x77, 0xDB, 0x48, 0x3E, 0x85, 0xAE, 0x8F]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatGCE:=[0x2A25CAD8, 0xDEEB, 0x4C69, 0xA7, 0x88, 0xE, 0xC2, 0x26, 0x6D, 0xCA, 0xFD]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatAPE:=[0x2E043DC2, 0xC967, 0x4E05, 0x87, 0x5E, 0x61, 0x8B, 0xF6, 0x7E, 0x85, 0xC3]
	 _.GUID_MetadataFormatJpegChrominance:=[0xF73D0DCF, 0xCEC6, 0x4F85, 0x9B, 0x0E, 0x1C, 0x39, 0x56, 0xB1, 0xBE, 0xF7]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatJpegLuminance:=[0x86908007, 0xEDFC, 0x4860, 0x8D, 0x4B, 0x4E, 0xE6, 0xE8, 0x3E, 0x60, 0x58]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatJpegComment:=[0x220E5F33, 0xAFD3, 0x474E, 0x9D, 0x31, 0x7D, 0x4F, 0xE7, 0x30, 0xF5, 0x57]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatGifComment:=[0xC4B6E0E0, 0xCFB4, 0x4AD3, 0xAB, 0x33, 0x9A, 0xAD, 0x23, 0x55, 0xA3, 0x4A]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunkgAMA:=[0xF00935A5, 0x1D5D, 0x4CD1, 0x81, 0xB2, 0x93, 0x24, 0xD7, 0xEC, 0xA7, 0x81]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunkbKGD:=[0xE14D3571, 0x6B47, 0x4DEA, 0xB6, 0xA, 0x87, 0xCE, 0xA, 0x78, 0xDF, 0xB7]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunkiTXt:=[0xC2BEC729, 0xB68, 0x4B77, 0xAA, 0xE, 0x62, 0x95, 0xA6, 0xAC, 0x18, 0x14]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunkcHRM:=[0x9DB3655B, 0x2842, 0x44B3, 0x80, 0x67, 0x12, 0xE9, 0xB3, 0x75, 0x55, 0x6A]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunkhIST:=[0xC59A82DA, 0xDB74, 0x48A4, 0xBD, 0x6A, 0xB6, 0x9C, 0x49, 0x31, 0xEF, 0x95]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunkiCCP:=[0xEB4349AB, 0xB685, 0x450F, 0x91, 0xB5, 0xE8, 0x2, 0xE8, 0x92, 0x53, 0x6C]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunksRGB:=[0xC115FD36, 0xCC6F, 0x4E3F, 0x83, 0x63, 0x52, 0x4B, 0x87, 0xC6, 0xB0, 0xD9]
	,_.GUID_MetadataFormatChunktIME:=[0x6B00AE2D, 0xE24B, 0x460A, 0x98, 0xB6, 0x87, 0x8B, 0xD0, 0x30, 0x72, 0xFD]
	; Vendor Identification
	 _.GUID_VendorMicrosoft:=[0x69fd0fdc, 0xa866, 0x4108, 0xb3, 0xb2, 0x98, 0x44, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0xed, 0xd4]
	,_.GUID_VendorMicrosoftBuiltIn:=[0x257a30fd, 0x6b6, 0x462b, 0xae, 0xa4, 0x63, 0xf7, 0xb, 0x86, 0xe5, 0x33]
	; WICBitmapPaletteType
	 _.GUID_WICPixelFormatDontCare:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x00]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat1bppIndexed:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x01]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat2bppIndexed:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x02]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat4bppIndexed:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x03]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppIndexed:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x04]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormatBlackWhite:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x05]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat2bppGray:=[  0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x06]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat4bppGray:=[  0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x07]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppGray:=[  0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x08]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat8bppAlpha:=[0xe6cd0116, 0xeeba, 0x4161, 0xaa, 0x85, 0x27, 0xdd, 0x9f, 0xb3, 0xa8, 0x95]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGR555:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x09]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGR565:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x0a]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppBGRA5551:=[0x05ec7c2b, 0xf1e6, 0x4961, 0xad, 0x46, 0xe1, 0xcc, 0x81, 0x0a, 0x87, 0xd2]
	 _.GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGray:=[  0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x0b]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat24bppBGR:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x0c]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat24bppRGB:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x0d]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGR:=[  0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x0e]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGRA:=[ 0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x0f]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x10]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppGrayFloat:=[ 0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x11]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA:=[0xf5c7ad2d, 0x6a8d, 0x43dd, 0xa7, 0xa8, 0xa2, 0x99, 0x35, 0x26, 0x1a, 0xe9]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPRGBA:=[0x3cc4a650, 0xa527, 0x4d37, 0xa9, 0x16, 0x31, 0x42, 0xc7, 0xeb, 0xed, 0xba]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGB:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x15]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppBGR:=[0xe605a384, 0xb468, 0x46ce, 0xbb, 0x2e, 0x36, 0xf1, 0x80, 0xe6, 0x43, 0x13]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBA:=[ 0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x16]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppBGRA:=[ 0x1562ff7c, 0xd352, 0x46f9, 0x97, 0x9e, 0x42, 0x97, 0x6b, 0x79, 0x22, 0x46]
	 _.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPRGBA:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x17]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppPBGRA:=[0x8c518e8e, 0xa4ec, 0x468b, 0xae, 0x70, 0xc9, 0xa3, 0x5a, 0x9c, 0x55, 0x30]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGrayFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x13]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppBGR101010:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x14]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGBFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x12]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppBGRFixedPoint:=[0x49ca140e, 0xcab6, 0x493b, 0x9d, 0xdf, 0x60, 0x18, 0x7c, 0x37, 0x53, 0x2a]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat96bppRGBFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x18]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFloat:=[ 0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x19]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppPRGBAFloat:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x1a]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBFloat:=[  0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x1b]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppCMYK:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x1c]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x1d]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppBGRAFixedPoint:=[0x356de33c, 0x54d2, 0x4a23, 0xbb, 0x4, 0x9b, 0x7b, 0xf9, 0xb1, 0xd4, 0x2d]
	 _.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x40]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBAFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x1e]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat128bppRGBFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x41]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBAHalf:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x3a]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppRGBHalf:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x42]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bppRGBHalf:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x3b]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBE:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x3d]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat16bppGrayHalf:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x3e]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppGrayFixedPoint:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x3f]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA1010102:=[0x25238D72, 0xFCF9, 0x4522, 0xb5, 0x14, 0x55, 0x78, 0xe5, 0xad, 0x55, 0xe0]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppRGBA1010102XR:=[0x00DE6B9A, 0xC101, 0x434b, 0xb5, 0x02, 0xd0, 0x16, 0x5e, 0xe1, 0x12, 0x2c]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bppCMYK:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x1f]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat24bpp3Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x20]
	 _.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bpp4Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x21]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat40bpp5Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x22]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bpp6Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x23]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat56bpp7Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x24]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bpp8Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x25]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bpp3Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x26]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bpp4Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x27]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat80bpp5Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x28]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat96bpp6Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x29]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat112bpp7Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x2a]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat128bpp8Channels:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x2b]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat40bppCMYKAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x2c]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat80bppCMYKAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x2d]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat32bpp3ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x2e]
	 _.GUID_WICPixelFormat40bpp4ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x2f]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat48bpp5ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x30]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat56bpp6ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x31]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bpp7ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x32]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat72bpp8ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x33]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat64bpp3ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x34]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat80bpp4ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x35]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat96bpp5ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x36]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat112bpp6ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x37]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat128bpp7ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x38]
	,_.GUID_WICPixelFormat144bpp8ChannelsAlpha:=[0x6fddc324, 0x4e03, 0x4bfe, 0xb1, 0x85, 0x3d, 0x77, 0x76, 0x8d, 0xc9, 0x39]

	}
	if _.haskey(name){
		p:=_[name]
		VarSetCapacity(GUID,16)
		,NumPut(p.1+(p.2<<32)+(p.3<<48),GUID,0,"int64")
		,NumPut(p.4+(p.5<<8)+(p.6<<16)+(p.7<<24)+(p.8<<32)+(p.9<<40)+(p.10<<48)+(p.11<<56),GUID,8,"int64")
		return &GUID
	}else return name
}

[iseahound]

You need to study the code examples given, either the DirectX or GDI method. You don’t understand the code that you’re getting - you seem to be under the impression that code size is relevant to code speed, it is clearly not. Stop removing parts of code that have no impact on the script, and focus on looping through the actual screenshot code. Reuse the objects that are present, you are complaining about speed when you are loading and unloading libraries with every call, creating and deleting device contexts with every call, and overall not understanding what the code is doing.

[adamantine]

iseahound, the only problem with your working code is that it's not usable at all because it makes the cursor flicker. can you understand these words?

all your speech has nothing to do with the real problem
instead you decided to mention (and then to repeat it for some reason) your dissatisfaction about a removal of some parts of a code
the parts that are clearly and obviously not needed in my case (and not needed for the script to work)
(i never use jpg for screen-shots) (it's always png)
(i don't want a newly created png-file to change its name right after the moment when it is created) (especially when i have more that 1000 such creations every day) (and it's a very natural wish, i think)

so i'm not focusing on some removal. i just did what i had to do, and proceeded in my tests of your code
very successful tests, by the way. right until the moment when i found out that disappointing flickering (this visual effect is not normal in any case)

if you cannot help, it's ok. i'm sincerely thankful for what you already done here, in this thread
i will live sans those transparent windows in my screen-shots
but i think that you could just say something like "i don't have enough knowledge to help you to get rid of this flicker" instead of typing that bunch of wrong thoughts/conclutions and unnecessary insults

 
and i was not complaining about speed. i was just trying to say (explain in details) what is happening with the script
such thought-out explanations are a very rare thing (on the forums). and it's sad that you treat them as something bad like complaining
which means that you don't really care about other people's words. instead of thinking about the real problem (related to your code) (produced by your code only), and maybe trying to do something, you prefer to accuse

when you are loading and unloading libraries with every call

if you are such an expert, then why not just show the right way to do all this stuff? speaking about screen-shots, you already know what is needed:
(whole screen) (png) (with user-defined path to save) (with user-defined 'date/time'-pattern for a png-name)
1) a code that creates the screen-shot (when manually pressing some keyboard button)
2) and a code that creates the screen-shot (automatically) (every 30 seconds) (with auto-pause after 10 minutes of idle state) (with auto-continuation after the end of idle state)
recently i was asking and asking again about the safety. i got not a single useful reply

i'm indeed not happy with all those constant DllCall("LoadLibrary" or DllCall("gdiplus\GdiplusShutdown". it really feels like not optimal approach
but this is the area of knowledge for a very much advanced programmer. is it clear? does the fresh date of my registration tell you anything? do all of us must have that huge programmic skills?
i have my very-very modest level of understanding the codes. and i try to do many things (more or less simple) on my own. but i don't have to understand all the difficult/complex aspects of what the code is exactly doing
i only have to explain (as good as i can) my request/wish/question, and react on your possible further code/explicitation/question (by saying what is right and what is wrong with the compiled code)